La polio en la Argentina del siglo XX : del alcanfor a la vacuna Sabin

Colaborador

Ramacciotti, Karina Inés
Biernat, Carolina

Spatial Coverage

Temporal Coverage

Siglo XX

Idioma

spa

Extent

299 p.

Derechos

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.0 Genérica (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

Formato

application/pdf

Cobertura

ARG
siglo XX

Abstract

This paper studies poliomyelitis through the 20th century in Argentina and falls within the scope of the social and cultural history of health and illness. Its main aim is to analyze which were the ideas, meanings, medical practices and health policies which were articulated to give an answer to this disease during said period. For this purpose, the long term history covering the cycle of this illness from its endemic and epidemic occurrence until its current phase of eradication is reconstructed.

Among other aspects, it reflects on the processes of recognition of the disease and motor disability as topics of public importance; considers the complex relations between the state and female philanthropy, and incorporates the role of mass media communication in the treatment of the epidemic cycles and the immunization campaigns. It links the way the disease was approached to other phenomena, such as the transformations within the sanitary field, the tensions between doctors, female philanthropists and ―medical assistants‖, the appearance of patients associations and new forms of activism based on certain body conditions

The first chapter, with the objective of studying the care practices aimed at the sick (mostly boys and girls whose bodies were paralyzed), it describes and compares the approaches of two philanthropic organizations which played a key role in the institutionalization of the disease: the Sociedad de Beneficencia de la Capital Federal [Charity Organization Society of the Capital Federal1] and the Asociación para la Lucha contra la Parálisis Infantil [Association for the Fight Against Child Paralysis]. The second chapter addresses the implementation of a national rehabilitation plan as a state policy and revisits the preceding scientific and legal debates. Thirdly, the meanings and metaphors attributed to the disease which appeared in political speeches and the press during the 1936, 1942, 1953 and 1956 epidemics are examined. Chapter 4 deals with the mass immunization campaigns following three large scale operations carried out in 1957, 1963 and 1971. It also considers the current disease eradication plan and the global strategy for the suspension of the oral Sabin vaccine in many countries, including Argentina. The fifth and last chapter analyzes the controversies arising from the recognition of the post-polio syndrome as a legitimate disease. Said syndrome is experienced as weakness, atrophy and muscle pain and it affects people who have suffered from polio exposing them to a new disabling situation.

This paper aims to further knowledge and understanding of past and present polio. In addition, it reflects on broader aspects, such as the processes of the social construction of disability, the gradual expansion of the contents and benefits of social citizenship, the porous and fluctuating frontiers established between the inclusion, exclusion and segregation of the disabled and the arguments and justifications which sustained them.

Table Of Contents

RESUMEN
ABSTRACT

LISTA DE TABLAS
LISTA DE CUADROS
LISTA DE IMÁGENES
LISTA DE GRÁFICOS
LISTA DE SIGLAS

AGRADECIMIENTOS
INTRODUCCIÓN
Presentación del problema
Estrategia teórico-metodológica
Acerca de las fuentes
Estructura de la tesis

CAPÍTULO 1 FILANTROPÍA FEMENINA Y PERFORMANCE DE LA ASISTENCIA Introducción
La polio en primera persona: “Hierbas silvestres y miel”
Definir la epidemia. Consensuar, cuantificar y denunciar
Los “etcétera” del cuidado
Nurses y enfermeras
ALPI: una cruzada moral y humanitaria
Las voluntarias especializadas
A modo de cierre

CAPÍTULO 2 “MUNDO POLIO” Y REHABILITACIÓN Introducción
Las intervenciones con prefijo re
Un “aspecto social nuevo” de la enfermedad
La Comisión Nacional de Rehabilitación del Lisiado y la persistencia de lo negado
Expansión y legitimación institucional (1956-1959)
El Centro Nacional de Rehabilitación del Lisiado
Rehabilitación y empleo como derechos
Historias y relatos
La vida entre terapias
A modo de cierre

CAPÍTULO 3 EPIDEMIAS. INCERTIDUMBRE, MINIMIZACIÓN Y DESMESURA
1936. La enfermedad en la prensa
1942. Riesgo y glamour en las noticias
1953. Despolitización, minimización y silencio
1956. La desmesura: ¡”Que a tu hija le agarre polio”!
A modo de cierre

CAPÍTULO 4 LAS CAMPAÑAS DE INMUNIZACIÓN ANTIPOLIOMIELÍTICAS
Introducción
Antecedentes sobre la prevención
Vacunas, controversias y problemas
La semana de Salk
Los días de Sabin
¡Una vacuna que es agua!
Vigilar, eliminar, erradicar
La estrategia swicht
A modo de cierre

CAPÍTULO 5 POLIOMIELITIS Y SÍNDROME POS-POLIO: “¡TODAVÍA ESTAMOS AQUÍ!” Introducción
“Viejos” pacientes, nuevos problemas
Lecturas posibles sobre el “olvido”
Como negligencia del franquismo
Como enfermedad negada
Como enfermedad del presente y del futuro
Como experiencia del “paraíso perdido”
El Síndrome pos-polio en Argentina
Activismo en la web. Entre “campañas”, encuestas y manifiestos
A modo de cierre

CONCLUSIONES
FUENTES
BIBLIOGRAFÍA

LISTA DE TABLAS
Tabla 1: Casos registrados en hospitales de la S.B, Buenos Aires, 1901-1936.
Tabla 2: Recaudación por colectas callejeras y por donaciones privadas, ALPI, 1944-1963
Tabla 3: Número de casos e incidencia por año, 1942-1956.
Tabla 4: Número de casos de poliomielitis por año, 1968-197

Título obtenido

Doctora de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Sociales

Institución otorgante

Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales

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