Autor/es
Descripción
ver mas
Colaborador
Arias, Ana Josefina
Idioma
spa
Extent
206 p.
Derechos
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.0 Genérica (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
Formato
application/pdf
Identificador
Cobertura
1001519
San Juan (province)
2013-2014
Abstract
The debate on social policy conditionality becomes relevant in Latin America more than a decade ago, when a number of income transfer social programs, generically called Conditional Cash Transfer Programs (TMC), arise.
The analysis of the conditionalities becomes more complex when they are related to the exercise of social rights (such as health and education) whose access must be guaranteed by the state, but at the same time are duties to parents for their children, they have to meet beyond their participation in a social program. These rights and duties are general for all citizens in Argentina.
There is no "distinct duties and rights", but it is possible to identify different control mechanisms for certain population groups and there is a construction of meanings of these different institutional arrangements: here income transfer social policy is central in social regulation in the enforcement of parental duties.
This way of looking at conditionality refers us to theoretical developments of the social that allow us to understand and explain the practices of conditionality in a given social policy, in this case the Universal Child Allowance for Social Protection (AUH) implemented since 2009. While not exactly a TMC program, AUH, which is framed within the Family Allowance Scheme, uses the conditionalities belonging to those programs toimport from the TMC program a form of conditionality of the TMCs implemented in Latin America in recent decades: compliance with health and education practices.
In order to analyze this social policy, we could position ourselves in theoretical perspectives which justify the imposition of conditions or, on the contrary, in prospects that oppose them because they consider that contradict the idea of rights. The conclusions we arrive are surely associated, in general, to a positive or negative response about its application.
Meanwhile, in this work we intend to problematize these dichotomous responses and conceptual tensions that are present in the perceptions of those involved in this social policy, analyzing the meanings given to these concepts, not as "correct" or "incorrect" ones, according to a theoretical perspective on conditionalities, but complicating theanalysis, articulating with other theoretical developments that extend the explanatory horizon of conditionality in social policies and, at the same time, give an account of the eyes of the subjects involved in the actual practice of conditionalities. In other words, rebuild the social policy actually applied and interpreted in terms of a relational view of analysis.
Such a perspective is taken mainly from two authors: George Simmel and Serge Paugam, who, when analyzing poverty as a social relationship from a socio-historical focus on representations of poverty, provide us a theoretical and methodological framework that is relevant for the purposes of the objectives of this work. This line of analysis is supplemented by contributions from François Dubet on institution-control-protection relationship and Denis Merklen on the concept of social regulation.
We will consider the AUH conditionalities as social forms instituted to operate on behaviors of those in "unfavorable working conditions" and as long social forms define these situations as social problems, as well as those subjects found in these conditions. In turn, the subjects, thus defined, give different meanings to their experiences and adopt different behaviors in the face of those definitions and expectations, resignifying or adapting in different ways to them.
In this sense, this paper analyzes the conditionalities of the AUH as institutional forms of social intervention from a relational perspective. Based on this objective, firstly different types or modalities of conditionality in social policy are described,coming to a halt at the foundations of two theoretical perspectives: Human Capital Theory and the so called Rights Perspective, which justify conditionality and unconditionality respectively.
Subsequently, it presents a synthesis of the main TMC Latin American experiences: briefly are described the paths followed by Brazil, Mexico and Argentina in order to describe the institutional forms that conditionality acquires in Latin America, particularly in Argentina, in recent decades.
Stopping at the AUH, healthcare components and senses given to the conditionalities in its design and institutional discourses are analyzed.
Finally, descriptions and ratings of the actors interviewed on the AUH and senses and conceptual tensions present in the practice of conditionality of these actors are presented: accessibility-restriction, conditionality-law, rights-duties, protection-control regulation-autonomy, merit-equality, care-work. During the course of the last two chapters these tensions will be described and analyzed, posing some questions that may be subject to further insights.
The methodology used for the approach is of a qualitative type, as it is shown as the most relevant, since its purpose is to understand the object of study, recovering the perspectives of those involved. The study was conducted in the Province of San Juan between the years 2013-2014 in Villa Rodriguez Pinto Department Rivadavia, the Villa San Damián Rawson Department and the head village of Sarmiento Department of the province of San Juan. In the first two cases it is urban areas and the latest in a rural area.
The analysis of the conditionalities becomes more complex when they are related to the exercise of social rights (such as health and education) whose access must be guaranteed by the state, but at the same time are duties to parents for their children, they have to meet beyond their participation in a social program. These rights and duties are general for all citizens in Argentina.
There is no "distinct duties and rights", but it is possible to identify different control mechanisms for certain population groups and there is a construction of meanings of these different institutional arrangements: here income transfer social policy is central in social regulation in the enforcement of parental duties.
This way of looking at conditionality refers us to theoretical developments of the social that allow us to understand and explain the practices of conditionality in a given social policy, in this case the Universal Child Allowance for Social Protection (AUH) implemented since 2009. While not exactly a TMC program, AUH, which is framed within the Family Allowance Scheme, uses the conditionalities belonging to those programs toimport from the TMC program a form of conditionality of the TMCs implemented in Latin America in recent decades: compliance with health and education practices.
In order to analyze this social policy, we could position ourselves in theoretical perspectives which justify the imposition of conditions or, on the contrary, in prospects that oppose them because they consider that contradict the idea of rights. The conclusions we arrive are surely associated, in general, to a positive or negative response about its application.
Meanwhile, in this work we intend to problematize these dichotomous responses and conceptual tensions that are present in the perceptions of those involved in this social policy, analyzing the meanings given to these concepts, not as "correct" or "incorrect" ones, according to a theoretical perspective on conditionalities, but complicating theanalysis, articulating with other theoretical developments that extend the explanatory horizon of conditionality in social policies and, at the same time, give an account of the eyes of the subjects involved in the actual practice of conditionalities. In other words, rebuild the social policy actually applied and interpreted in terms of a relational view of analysis.
Such a perspective is taken mainly from two authors: George Simmel and Serge Paugam, who, when analyzing poverty as a social relationship from a socio-historical focus on representations of poverty, provide us a theoretical and methodological framework that is relevant for the purposes of the objectives of this work. This line of analysis is supplemented by contributions from François Dubet on institution-control-protection relationship and Denis Merklen on the concept of social regulation.
We will consider the AUH conditionalities as social forms instituted to operate on behaviors of those in "unfavorable working conditions" and as long social forms define these situations as social problems, as well as those subjects found in these conditions. In turn, the subjects, thus defined, give different meanings to their experiences and adopt different behaviors in the face of those definitions and expectations, resignifying or adapting in different ways to them.
In this sense, this paper analyzes the conditionalities of the AUH as institutional forms of social intervention from a relational perspective. Based on this objective, firstly different types or modalities of conditionality in social policy are described,coming to a halt at the foundations of two theoretical perspectives: Human Capital Theory and the so called Rights Perspective, which justify conditionality and unconditionality respectively.
Subsequently, it presents a synthesis of the main TMC Latin American experiences: briefly are described the paths followed by Brazil, Mexico and Argentina in order to describe the institutional forms that conditionality acquires in Latin America, particularly in Argentina, in recent decades.
Stopping at the AUH, healthcare components and senses given to the conditionalities in its design and institutional discourses are analyzed.
Finally, descriptions and ratings of the actors interviewed on the AUH and senses and conceptual tensions present in the practice of conditionality of these actors are presented: accessibility-restriction, conditionality-law, rights-duties, protection-control regulation-autonomy, merit-equality, care-work. During the course of the last two chapters these tensions will be described and analyzed, posing some questions that may be subject to further insights.
The methodology used for the approach is of a qualitative type, as it is shown as the most relevant, since its purpose is to understand the object of study, recovering the perspectives of those involved. The study was conducted in the Province of San Juan between the years 2013-2014 in Villa Rodriguez Pinto Department Rivadavia, the Villa San Damián Rawson Department and the head village of Sarmiento Department of the province of San Juan. In the first two cases it is urban areas and the latest in a rural area.
Título obtenido
Doctora de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Sociales
Institución otorgante
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales