Creencias en torno al suicidio juvenil : intersecciones argumentativas entre religi贸n y abordaje cient铆fico

Colaborador

Krmpotic, Claudia Sandra
Palleiro, Mar铆a In茅s

Spatial Coverage

Idioma

spa

Extent

296 p.

Derechos

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Atribuci贸n-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.0 Gen茅rica (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

Formato

application/pdf

Cobertura

ARG

Abstract

In contemporary Argentina the phenomenon of youth suicide is increasing. Faced with the expectation for young people to project their lives to achieve adult status and integrate into the production and the labor market, the explanation of their deaths generates disputes.

Suicide has been presented as something difficult to explain. In the different disciplinary approaches that have built explanations regarding suicide 鈥搒ome of them have been devoted specifically to the study of youthful suicide- notions have been formulated linking together the ways we understand youth, death, life and suicide. In order to understand these, since this is a topic that is so directly linked to death, beliefs loom large.

In this research project we sought to understand the current beliefs about youth suicide. Belief is a modality of certainty and a cognitive mode. It results from mental activity that finds a vehicle of expression in narrative as a cognitive form of organization of experience. It expresses the subject鈥檚 position in respect to a state of affairs whose truth value is sustained from personal or interpersonal adherence. Certain statements are accepted as true, by means of subjective operations of assertion or affirmation.

After getting to know various disquisitions related to this topic, it has become clear that there are argumentative intersections between at least two types of them: the religious explanation and the scientific approach. This can be thought of not only from the sacralization of the issue of death, but from the same interrelationship between science and religion if one reflects on the limits of the secularization process of scientific knowledge, considering that scientific explanations did not completely differ from theological explanations. (L枚with, 2007; Feyerabend, 1986; Agamben, 2003, 2008; Girard, Ren茅, 2006).

Based on this understanding -that the boundaries between the secular and the religious are permeable-, it is not only interesting but necessary to understand the system of beliefs around youth suicide, highlighting these argumentative intersections that make scientific and theological approaches fields interrelated and mutually influential.

The pursuit of these beliefs has been developed in the thesis out of published materials from four groups: health professionals, sociologists, existentialist philosophers and Baptist theologians.

In the thesis we particularly focus on religious explanations among which the theological ones only reveal the religious elites鈥 perspectives, and not necessarily those of parishioners. In order to broaden the understanding we conducted a thorough ethnographic study among Baptists. This group emerges from the Anabaptist movement in England after the Reformation. Selection criteria are listed later on.

At this time we will only present a case study that is part of the aforementioned ethnographic study on the conceptions of suicide and related interventions.

Among the most significant findings some core beliefs stand out because of their frequency. Suicide is a process that begins with ideation. Death is premeditated, deliberate. Suicide is an act that breaks with rationality. At the origin of suicide there is a decision to stop something that can hardly be the very existence of the subject who dies. The factors leading to suicide are divided into two groups: predisposing and triggering factors. The latter are always social. By the depth of their impact they precipitate the passage to the act of suicide, without full responsibility for the act of suicide. It is believed that without the presence of predisposing elements, even with the same trigger episodes, suicide would not be completed.

Guilt, pain, lack of peace, unforgiveness, rejection and self-rejection, all widely mentioned notions in scientific argumentation, are denominated as spiritual aspects by having recourse to terminologies that are more typical of religious discourse.. While the implications of these terms have variations, they are the same in scientific and religious discourse. These and other relationships find their highest expression in the words of the young people themselves, of which Antonella鈥檚 narrative bears witness.

In the analyzed texts and testimonies, family has a leading role in triggering suicide: unstable, extremely rigid, abandonic, violent, absent families. Fundamentally, families who do not care for, do not integrate [their children].

A foundational belief found in study materials is that suicide risk can be prevented. Prevention is based on the belief that in no case is death the solution to life鈥檚 problems. In the face of consummated suicide, there is nothing to do except preventing a copycat effect and negative effects on the deceased young person's environment. That is why proposals are organized around prevention as the only possible intervention.

In both the religious and scientific approaches there is a belief in the effectiveness of preventive action in formal school settings as well as in education in other social spaces.

Caring for young people should also be directed at the solution of the vital problems that make it impossible for them to go on living: reversing school failure, giving second chances; finding a solution for unemployment, reducing inequality, strengthening families, creating groups young people feel they can identify with.

Throughout the work we can see that the difference between the various fields under analysis cannot be very distinctly defined. Intersections are multiple between explanations and the beliefs that become evident.

Table Of Contents

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCI脫N
a. Consideraciones iniciales
b. El problema de investigaci贸n y modo de abordarlo
c. Objetivos de la investigaci贸n 17
Objetivo general
Objetivos espec铆ficos
d. Estructura del trabajo

CAP脥TULO 1 LA CONSTRUCCI脫N DEL PROBLEMA Y SU ABORDAJE EMP脥RICO
1.1- Lineamientos generales
1.2- Sobre la estrategia de triangulaci贸n
1.3- Sobre la t茅cnica de an谩lisis de contenido y la b煤squeda de patrones de argumentaci贸n
1.3.a- Secuencia del an谩lisis de contenido
1.3.b- Tipos de dise帽o del an谩lisis de contenido
1.4- Acerca de una etnograf铆a de la experiencia
1.5- Sobre la categor铆a creencias
1.5.a- Creencia y saber
1.5.b- Lo social y las creencias
1.5.c- La presencia de creencias en la ciencia y el desaf铆o de identificar ret贸ricas del creer
1.6- 鈥淚glesias Bautistas鈥 como caso de estudio representativo de la fe religiosa
1.6.a- Renovaci贸n carism谩tica
1.6.b- Ministerio de Sanidad Interior y Liberaci贸n

CAP脥TULO 2 MUERTE JOVEN. PROYECTO VITAL, CREENCIAS Y REGISTROS
2.1- La juventud y su funci贸n social
2.2- La juventud y el proyecto vital
2.3- La juventud y la muerte
2.3.a- 驴Una problem谩tica masculina?
2.3.b- 驴Una problem谩tica federal?
2.3.c- 驴Una problem谩tica evitable?
2.3.d- Registro y sub-registro
2.3.e- Las causas externas en los a帽os analizados

CAP脥TULO 3 L脥NEAS ARGUMENTATIVAS Y REDES DE SENTIDO EN EL SUICIDIO JUVENIL: FACTORES DE RIESGO, ENFERMEDAD MENTAL Y MUERTE
3.1- Panorama general de las fuentes analizadas
3.2- Las creencias sobre los factores de riesgo
3.3- Las creencias sobre la enfermedad mental
3.3.a- Del suicidio como pecado al suicidio como enfermedad
3.3.b- La enfermedad mental y la biopol铆tica
3.3.c- La enfermedad vista desde la mirada desde los profesionales de la salud
3.3.d- Visiones religiosas: los testimonios
3.4- Las creencias sobre la muerte
3.4.a- La muerte de los j贸venes
Mortalidad masculina
3.4.b- La muerte censurada
3.4.c- La muerte temida
3.4.d- La muerte en las explicaciones teol贸gicas de los bautistas
La muerte como pasaje a una nueva vida
El esp铆ritu de muerte: del texto a los testimonios

CAP脥TULO 4 LA URDIMBRE SOCIAL: FACTORES SOCIALES VINCULADOS AL SUICIDIO
4.1- El suicidio como interpelaci贸n a la sociedad
4.2- Los factores sociales
4.3- Los 鈥榯ipos sociales鈥 de suicidio
4.3.a- El suicidio ego铆sta: la individuaci贸n desintegrada
El suicidio ego铆sta en los materiales analizados
El suicidio ego铆sta en la Teolog铆a bautista
4.3.b- El suicidio an贸mico: socializaci贸n y conflicto
El suicidio an贸mico en los textos analizados
Anomia en los discursos bautistas
4.3.c- El suicidio di谩dico: violencia y comunicaci贸n
Presencia en los discursos bautistas
Recapitulando

CAP脥TULO 5 TEXTURAS DE LA INTERVENCI脫N. MODOS DE ABORDAJE DEL SUICIDIO JUVENIL
5.1- El 茅nfasis en la medici贸n: la mirada de la Salud P煤blica
5.2- El 茅nfasis en la prevenci贸n
5.2.a- Prevenci贸n b谩sica
5.2.b- Prevenci贸n secundaria
Pastoral del intento de suicidio
5.2.c- Prevenci贸n terciaria
5.3. El 茅nfasis en el deber ser
5.3.a- Sociedades inclusivas
5.3.b- Familias estables
5.3.c- J贸venes con proyectos de futuro
J贸venes libres
J贸venes victoriosos
J贸venes que viven al m谩ximo su vida
J贸venes que viven en santidad
5.4. S铆ntesis de las propuestas de intervenci贸n

CAP脥TULO 6 IDEACI脫N SUICIDA E INTERVENCI脫N RELIGIOSA EN EL ESP脥RITU SUFRIENTE. EL CASO DE ANTONELLA
6.1- La llegada a la iglesia
6.2- La voz del pastor: contrapunto de voces
6.3- Primera etapa: liberaci贸n
6.4- Segunda etapa: Sanidad Interior
6.5- Tercer etapa: liderazgo.
Recapitulando

CAP脥TULO 7 N脷CLEOS CONCEPTUALES Y BASES ARGUMENTATIVAS DE LAS CONVICCIONES. PRINCIPALES HALLAZGOS
CONSIDERACIONES FINALES
a- Balance de lo realizado
b- Nuevas aperturas

REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGR脕FICAS
a- Bibliograf铆a general
b- Bibliograf铆a espec铆fica

ANEXOS
Anexo 1: Distribuci贸n de la mortalidad juvenil, total pa铆s (2000 a 2007)
Anexo 2: Gr谩fico de distribuci贸n de las tasas de mortalidad juvenil por localidad de cada uno de los a帽os analizados
Anexo 3: Lista de mortalidad seg煤n causas seleccionadas
Anexo 4: Cuadro de Causas de Muerte detalladas (15 a 24 a帽os) Total Pa铆s
Causas de muerte (15 a 24 a帽os) en porcentajes
Anexo 5: Comportamiento de las causas externas en el total del pa铆s
Causas externas por localidad
Anexo 6: Tasas de mortalidad por Causas Externas Rep煤blica Argentina (tasas por 100.000 personas 15 a 24 a帽os)
Anexo 7: Perfil de informantes de estudio etnogr谩fico
Anexo 8: Cuadro de trabajo de fuentes analizadas

T铆tulo obtenido

Doctora de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Sociales

Instituci贸n otorgante

Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales

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