Acci贸n sindical y salario real en la cr铆tica de la econom铆a pol铆tica

Colaborador

Guevara, Sebasti谩n Luis
Caligaris, Gast贸n

Idioma

spa

Extent

249 p.

Derechos

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Atribuci贸n-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.0 Gen茅rica (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

Formato

application/pdf

Abstract

The thesis presents a critical reconstruction of the Marxist debate about the way in which the real wage is determined and the role of working class trade union鈥檚 action in this determination. In the first part, we display a critic analysis of the arguments developed by different positions existing in Marxism. The debates are organized starting from a controversy that refers to the most immediate manifestations of the problem in order to address increasingly fundamental discussions that emerge from the critical analysis of each other. In the second part, the thesis proposes an alternative reading of the legacy of the Marxian critique of the political economy that seeks to provide answers to the questions that were opened in the critical reconstruction of the debates that have been addressed. The subject organization in this case is reversed, moving from the recognition of the fundamental forms that remained unresolved in the first part of the thesis to their most immediate manifestations. The discussion with Marxist authors is structured by the approach of four main controversies. It is argued that, taken as a whole, these allow the reconstruction of the so-called Marxist鈥檚 wage and trade union action theories from the different perspectives that are presented.

The first controversy (chapter one) is the one concerning the presumed tendency towards the impoverishment of the working class. Two questions that need analyses are deduced from it. On the one hand, the need for revolutionary action of the working class to overcome the capitalist mode of production and the role of trade union political action in overcoming it. On the other hand, the problem of how value of the labor power, of which the wage is only its monetary expression, is determined. In addressing this second controversy (chapter 2), it is argued that the debates, even with their nuances, have a common core: that of denying the purity of the commodity nature of the labor power by considering that the determination of its value is associated to class struggle. There is, therefore, a need to address the question of the commodity nature of labor power (Chapter 3), which is at the heart of the whole explanation of wages and, therefore, of trade union action in Marx's work. Once this controversy has been presented and the relevant critiques of the specialized literature have been made, the thesis deals with a final discussion (chapter 4): the question of the degree of completeness of Marx's work in general and on the question of wages, wage labor and class struggle in particular. The draft nature of Marx's recent writings, together with the existence of different plans for his work, has led to a discussion about whether or not Marx managed to present his explanation of wages and trade union action in a complete way. In general terms, those who consider Marx's work unfinished focus on the absence of an explanation about the political forms of wage determination. On the other hand, those who argue that Marx managed to complete the plan for his work argue in favor of the existence of a complete theory of wages and union action. The thesis discusses both perspectives.

The second part of the thesis proposes an alternative solution to the problems addressed and discussed in the first part, based on the textual evidence of Marx's work as a whole and some recent developments in the specialized literature. The solution provided is framed from the perspective that political relations are the concrete form in which economic relations are carried out and, therefore, exist. In this way, it is argued that the union action of the working class allows the realization of the value of labor power that has already been determined by the process of production. Under this approach, the determination of the commodity nature of labor power and the way in which its value is determined in qualitative terms (chapter 5) are displayed, from which it is concluded that the labor force is a commodity like any other. Consequently, we analyze the quantitative determination of the value of labor power and its trend with the development of capital accumulation (chapter 6), placing the focus on the transformation of the productive attributes of workers as an essential determinant. On this basis, the analysis of the raison to be of trade union political action and class struggle is presented. Consequently, we present the way in which the value of labor power is realized and its tendency (chapter 7). Finally, the thesis deals with the problem capitalism tendency and the need for working class to overcome it by its revolutionary action (chapter 8). In contrast to the positions presented in the first part of the thesis, it is argued that union action of working class plays a fundamental role in the tendency towards overcoming capitalism by forcing the development of the productive powers of society.

Table Of Contents

Introducci贸n general

Primera parte: Interpretaciones y controversias marxistas sobre el salario y la acci贸n sindical

Cap铆tulo 1: El inicio de la controversia en torno al salario: la teor铆a de la pauperizaci贸n y el rol de acci贸n sindical
Introducci贸n
El debate sobre la pauperizaci贸n, inicio y evoluci贸n
Los t茅rminos del debate
La cr铆tica de Bernstein
La respuesta del marxismo 鈥渙rtodoxo鈥
Consolidaci贸n de la explicaci贸n de un empobrecimiento tendencial relativo
Acci贸n sindical, salario y superaci贸n del capitalismo
Conclusi贸n

Cap铆tulo 2: Las explicaciones marxistas sobre la determinaci贸n del valor de la fuerza de trabajo, el salario y la acci贸n sindical de la clase obrera
Introducci贸n
La determinaci贸n del valor de la fuerza de trabajo por su reproducci贸n f铆sica
La determinaci贸n del valor de la fuerza de trabajo por la lucha de clases
El debate contempor谩neo sobre la determinaci贸n del valor de la fuerza de trabajo
El marxismo cr铆tico de Marx
El marxismo cr铆tico de los cr铆ticos de Marx
El valor de la fuerza de trabajo como costo de producci贸n
Conclusi贸n

Cap铆tulo 3: Discusiones en torno al car谩cter mercantil de la fuerza de trabajo
Introducci贸n
El origen de la controversia
La 鈥渘ueva鈥 controversia en torno al car谩cter mercantil de la fuerza de trabajo
El 鈥淧roblema de la transformaci贸n鈥 y la 鈥淣ueva Soluci贸n鈥
Al rescate de Marx: respuestas a la 鈥淣ueva Soluci贸n鈥
La naturaleza mercantil de la fuerza de trabajo seg煤n la 鈥淣ueva Dial茅ctica鈥
Conclusi贸n

Cap铆tulo 4: Acerca del grado de completitud de la obra de Marx y la existencia de un libro sobre el trabajo asalariado
Introducci贸n
El plan de obra de la cr铆tica de la econom铆a pol铆tica
La hip贸tesis de la incorporaci贸n de los primeros tres libros en El capital
La hip贸tesis del car谩cter inconcluso de la obra de Marx
Las posiciones 鈥渋ntermedias鈥 en el debate
Acerca de la necesidad de un libro sobre el trabajo asalariado
La l贸gica del capital vs. la l贸gica de la lucha de clases
Las necesidades del capital vs. las necesidades de la clase obrera
Acerca del 鈥渃ontenido鈥 del libro sobre el trabajo asalariado
Conclusi贸n

Segunda parte: El salario y la acci贸n sindical en la cr铆tica marxiana de la econom铆a pol铆tica

Cap铆tulo 5: La fuerza de trabajo como mercanc铆a
Introducci贸n
El car谩cter mercantil de la fuerza de trabajo
Trabajo y fuerza de trabajo
La fuerza de trabajo. Valor de uso y valor
Sobre la producci贸n de la fuerza de trabajo y de su valor
Sobre el trabajo productor de la fuerza de trabajo y el trabajo productor de su valor
Conclusi贸n

Cap铆tulo 6: Determinaci贸n cuantitativa y tendencia del valor de la fuerza de trabajo
Introducci贸n
Acerca de la magnitud de valor de la fuerza de trabajo
La determinaci贸n cuantitativa
El elemento 鈥渇铆sico鈥 y el 鈥渉ist贸rico y moral鈥 del valor de la fuerza de trabajo
La conciencia libre como atributo productivo
Plusval铆a relativa y valor de la fuerza de trabajo
Sobre las formas concretas en que se produce plusval铆a relativa y sus consecuencias sobre el valor de la fuerza de trabajo dada la canasta de consumo obrera
La ca铆da del valor de la fuerza de trabajo por la incorporaci贸n de nuevos tipos de fuerzas de trabajo al 谩mbito de la producci贸n
Diferenciaci贸n productiva y subjetividad obrera: sobre los cambios en los atributos productivos y en el valor de la fuerza de trabajo
Conclusi贸n

Cap铆tulo 7: Acci贸n pol铆tica sindical y salario
Introducci贸n
La compra venta de la fuerza de trabajo
Estado y la lucha de clases
Solidaridad y competencia. Sobre la relaci贸n pol铆tica sindical
Acerca de los distintos alcances de la competencia y, por lo tanto, de la solidaridad de las y los trabajadores
El ejercito industrial de reserva y el l铆mite a la solidaridad obrera:
La forma salario
Conclusi贸n

Cap铆tulo 8: La acci贸n pol铆tica sindical de la clase obrera y la superaci贸n del modo de producci贸n capitalista
Introducci贸n
El problema del v铆nculo entre la miseria y la superaci贸n del capitalismo
Acerca de la especificidad del capitalismo y la necesidad de su superaci贸n
Sobre el rol de la acci贸n sindical salarial hacia la superaci贸n del modo de producci贸n capitalista
Conclusi贸n

Conclusi贸n general

Bibliograf铆a

T铆tulo obtenido

Doctora de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Sociales

Instituci贸n otorgante

Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales

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