La cinefilia en la Argentina : cineclubes, cr铆tica y revistas de cine en las d茅cadas de 1950 y 1960

Colaborador

Moguillansky, Marina

Spatial Coverage

Temporal Coverage

1950-1960

Idioma

spa

Extent

403 p.

Derechos

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Atribuci贸n-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.0 Gen茅rica (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

Formato

application/pdf

Cobertura

ARG
1950-1960

Abstract

In this thesis we develop the history of the exhibition and reception of films in alternative and non-commercial circuits in Argentina, in the period in which cinema consolidated its place in the artistic field, both internationally and locally. In this process, a new type of film critic sought to be included in the artistic field and thus achieved a prominent role in the fields of teaching, production, circulation and film consumption, extending its scope to the participation in political-cultural debates.

Concerning this matter, we argue that in order for cinema to consolidate its place in the field of the arts, it was necessary a new type of critical discourse to take it as an object with a new perspective. Both cinema and criticism achieved their own identity and legitimacy as part of the same cultural framework. By questioning about the value of filmmakers as authors and the possible meanings of their works, critics contributed to the formation of a new type of spectators and directors. Relying on a filmmaking tradition developed since the 1920's, it postulated itself as an intellectual guide and source of legitimacy for a new generation of filmmakers trained in the film projections of film clubs and art cinema circuits.

In order to show the cultural framework in which this new perspective is configured, we look into the emergence and development of cinephilia in Argentina, from the 1930s to its consolidation in the 1950s and 1960s. We focus on the key role of film clubs in the legitimization of a cinematographic canon characterized as artistic or quality films and we point out the importance that these associations gave to the publication of magazines through which they aimed at the formation of spectators and filmmakers, in times when higher studies on cinema were non-existent or in their infancy.

In the first part of the work we analyse the gestation of a cinematographic culture in western cities and its expansion and transformation towards the middle of the 20th century when, in the post-war period, an erudite variant with a strong generational imprint emerged. This modality of reception beyond commercial films market was developed in a network of film clubs, film libraries, archives and festivals, and was contemporary to the consolidation of the cinema as a symbolic good with patrimonial, cultural and artistic values.

In this analysis we include the construction of film audiences since the beginning of the 20th century, the first literary texts that were precursors of film journalism, writings about film in the commercial press and the emergence of other types of magazines with an aesthetic and political interest in national cinema. In addition, we go over the initial forms of erudite cinephilia in national and foreign urban centres, their international links and the analysis of the printed materials that accompanied the screenings.

In the second part of the thesis, we analyse the two main film clubs that were active in Argentina between the 1940s and the 1960s and the magazines they published, paying special attention to the context in which they circulated: Gente de Cine, from the film club of the same name founded by Rolando "Roland" Fusti帽ana that operated between 1942 and 1965, and Tiempo de Cine, a publication of the film club N煤cleo founded in the transition to the 1960s.

To characterize Gente de Cine, we place its emergence and consolidation in the context of the cultural policies of Peronism, focusing on policies directed at the film industry, which were widely resisted by film club members and critics of a new generation of specialized journalists. Within this framework, the film club became a key place for the formation of an audience that was looking for options outside the commercial exhibition circuit, by proposing itself as a space for meeting and discussion. Based on the analysis of its magazine, we give an account of the set of voices that formed a new type of cinematographic view. We also consider the dialogues that were established with other entities and publications, both European and local.

N煤cleo film club was consolidated during the passage from the 1950s to the 1960s, a period marked by the opening up to the outside world, cultural modernization and the growing attacks of censorship that characterized the decade following the overthrow of the Peronist government. The tensions in the intellectual field also produced a large circulation of cultural magazines in which the autonomy of art and its passage through politics was debated. The cinematographic field was subjected to similar pressures and crossovers. The emergence of the N煤cleo film club in this period of transition was key to the vernacular film culture. The analysis of its magazine Tiempo de Cine (1960-1965/1968) places it as a point of arrival for the cinephilia in Argentina, considered as a specific type of culturally legitimate film reception, which assigned to the filmmakers the role of author and to the critics that of intellectual interpreters of filmmakers鈥 works. A modality that reached its peak in the 1960s and that coexisted, towards the end of the period, with political debates about the role of art and artists in a convulsed environment in the country and in Latin America.

Table Of Contents

Agradecimientos

Introducci贸n
1. Planteamiento del problema de investigaci贸n
2. Abordaje te贸rico-metodol贸gico
2.1 Perspectivas te贸ricas
2.1.1 Hegemon铆a cultural, instituciones y formaciones. El cineclub como formaci贸n cultural鈥 驴emergente?
2.1.2 Campo cinematogr谩fico: cr铆tica, legitimidad cultural y consumo ilustrado
2.1.3 Recepci贸n cinematogr谩fica, p煤blicos de cine y pactos de consumo
2.2 Abordaje metodol贸gico
2.2.1 Historia de los medios: el periodismo cinematogr谩fico como un subg茅nero del periodismo cultural
2.2.2 Historia cultural / historia intelectual: las revistas como mapa y arena de debates
2.2.3 An谩lisis del discurso: g茅neros, modalidades de la enunciaci贸n y construcciones discursivas
3. Estructura de la tesis
3.1 Primera parte: surgimiento y consolidaci贸n de la cinefilia
3.2 Segunda parte: cineclubes, cr铆tica y revistas de cine en la ciudad de Buenos Aires (1942-1968)

Primera parte Surgimiento y Consolidaci贸n de la Cinefilia

Cap铆tulo 1
Formas de 鈥渁mar鈥 el cine Surgimiento y evoluci贸n de la cinefilia en Europa y Estados Unidos
Introducci贸n
1. El surgimiento de una 鈥渃ultura cinematogr谩fica鈥: saber y placer
1.1 Vanguardia art铆stica, transformaciones tecnol贸gicas y cultura de masas
1.2 La primera ola: cineclubes y film societies en la d茅cada de 1920
1.3 Los a帽os treinta: redes, archivos, festivales
1.4 La posguerra: una cinefilia 鈥渕oderna鈥, erudita y transnacional
2. La prensa cinematogr谩fica: entre estrellas y autores
2.1 Mercado de estrenos y prensa comercial
2.2 Las publicaciones de cine arte pioneras
2.3 Una nueva cinefilia pasional
2.3.1 Italia: Cinema Nuovo y el realismo cr铆tico
2.3.2 Francia: Cahiers du Cin茅ma y la pol铆tica de los autores
2.3.3 Gran Breta帽a: Sight & Sound y la pluralidad de miradas
2.3.4 Espa帽a: entre Barcelona y Madrid
2.4 Prensa y festivales: una sociedad hist贸rica
Conclusiones

Cap铆tulo 2
Ver, escribir, leer Formaci贸n de p煤blicos y primeras escrituras sobre cine en la Argentina
Introducci贸n
1. P煤blicos de cine
1.1 Templos, catedrales y palacios plebeyos
1.2 Convergencia de medios: tango, radio y cine
2. El cine en la prensa argentina
2.1 Los escritores van al cine
2.2 Protocr铆tica, cr铆tica primitiva, cr铆tica cinematogr谩fica
2.2.1 Del pionerismo a la profesionalizaci贸n
2.3 De la cr铆tica impresionista a la cr铆tica art铆stica
2.3.1 Las revistas especializadas
2.3.2 La cuesti贸n del cine nacional
Conclusiones

Cap铆tulo 3
Cinefilia, cineclubes y circuitos de cine arte en la Argentina y Am茅rica Latina
Introducci贸n
1. Cineclubes pioneros y salas de cine arte en la Argentina
1.1 Los Amigos del Arte y el Cine-Club de Buenos Aires
1.2 El Cine Club Argentino y la producci贸n amateur
1.3 Salas de cine arte y circuitos alternativos
1.4 A lo largo y a lo ancho: cineclubes en todo el pa铆s
1.4.1 Buenos Aires: m谩s all谩 de la General Paz
1.4.2 Mendoza: la 鈥淐alifornia argentina鈥
1.4.3 Rosario y Santa Fe: la institucionalizaci贸n de los estudios de cine
1.4.4 C贸rdoba: fundaciones, universidades y formaci贸n t茅cnica
2. La cinefilia en perspectiva regional: del cine arte a la politizaci贸n
2.1 M茅xico: vanguardias, embajadas y universidades
2.2 Brasil: pioneros, populares, cat贸licos, acad茅micos
2.3 Uruguay: cine铆stas amateurs, concursos y festivales
2.3.1 El Festival del SODRE
Conclusiones

Segunda parte Cineclubes, Cr铆tica y Revistas de Cine en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (1942-1968)

Cap铆tulo 4
La cinefilia en la Argentina peronista y despu茅s鈥 Gente de Cine: mucho m谩s que un cineclub
Introducci贸n
1. El contexto pol铆tico cultural
1.1 La pol铆tica cinematogr谩fica del peronismo: proteccionismo, fomento y control
1.2 El rol de la prensa especializada
1.2.1 Las revistas de la 茅poca peronista
1.2.2 La Asociaci贸n de Cronistas Cinematogr谩ficos
1.2.3 Una nueva generaci贸n cr铆tica
2. Formaciones culturales, instituciones y redes
2.1 El cineclub Gente de Cine
2.2 La Cinemateca Argentina
2.3 Las asociaciones de cineclubes
2.4 Aprender mirando: la importancia del cortometraje
Conclusiones

Cap铆tulo 5
Gente de Cine: la revista (1951-1957)
Introducci贸n
1. El equipo editorial: un semillero de trayectorias diversas
1.1 V铆ctor Iturralde: el cineclubista infantil
1.2 Aldo L. Persano: el cortometrajista cient铆fico
1.3 Nicol谩s 鈥淧ipo鈥 Mancera: el Sr. Televisi贸n
1.4 Alejandro Saderman: el documentalista 鈥渄escubridor鈥 de Bergman
1.5 Carlos A. Burone: el periodista de carrera
1.6 Edmundo 鈥淢ondy鈥 Eichelbaum: el editorialista
1.7 Nelly Kaplan: la corresponsal insumisa
2. Formatos, secciones y estilos
2.1 Lectores y socios
2.1.1 鈥淧or los cine-clubs鈥
2.2 La construcci贸n de un canon
2.2.1 Francia mon amour
2.2.2 M谩s all谩 de Par铆s
2.3 Del bolet铆n a la revista
2.3.1 Humor, fotos y publicidad
3. Intercambios y pol茅micas
3.1 Variaciones sobre el cine como arte
3.1.1 Mensajes, correo postal y colombofilia
3.2 La voz de la cr铆tica
3.3 El cine argentino y el rol del Estado (peronista y posperonista)
3.3.1 El Festival de Mar del Plata
3.3.2 Un nuevo tablero: posiciones en el campo
3.3.3 Ante la ley
3.4 Di谩logos y cruces con otras publicaciones
Conclusiones

Cap铆tulo 6
Tensiones entre modernizaci贸n y tradicionalismo La Generaci贸n del sesenta y el Cineclub N煤cleo
Introducci贸n
1. El contexto pol铆tico cultural
1.1 Modernizaci贸n cultural, reacci贸n tradicionalista y radicalizaci贸n pol铆tica
1.2 Nuevo periodismo cultural y nuevos p煤blicos
1.2.1 El cine en los semanarios de actualidad
1.2.2 El cine en las revistas pol铆tico-culturales
1.2.2.1 Salvador Sammaritano entre grillos y otros bichos
1.2.2.2 Los cineclubistas y el Che
1.2.2.3. Marcha: la revista, el cineclub y la C3M
2. La Generaci贸n del sesenta
2.1 La pol铆tica cinematogr谩fica
2.2 El nuevo cine argentino
3. El cineclub N煤cleo
3.1 De la colaboraci贸n a la competencia
3.2 Un actor clave en redes locales e internacionales
Conclusiones

Cap铆tulo 7
Tiempo de Cine: la revista (1960-1965/1968)
Introducci贸n.
1. El equipo editorial
1.1 Salvador Sammaritano: el fundador
1.2 Jos茅 Agust铆n Mahieu: el historiador
1.3 H茅ctor 鈥淭ito鈥 Vena: el film贸logo
1.4 Antonio Salgado y Franco Mogni: los secretarios de redacci贸n
1.5 Cr铆ticos y colaboradores
1.5.1 Edgardo Cozarinsky: entre Par铆s, la literatura y el cine
1.5.2 Mabel Itzcovich: palabra de mujer y cines del Este
1.5.3 Los corresponsales
2. Formatos, secciones, estilos
2.1 Las portadas
2.2 Un compromiso editorial
2.2.1 Cine nacional: crisis, renovaci贸n y estado de alerta
2.2.2 El Instituto Nacional de Cinematograf铆a y 鈥渓os incapaces que lo rigen鈥
2.2.3 La venda en los ojos
2.2.4 Nosotros
2.3 Notas, ensayos y entrevistas
2.3.1 La gran apuesta: el nuevo cine argentino
2.4 Cr铆ticas, encuestas y nuevos cines.
2.5 Fichas, antolog铆as y diccionarios
2.6 Festivales de aqu铆 y de all谩
2.6.1 Mar del Plata: un festival de cr铆ticos
3. Di谩logos y debates con otras publicaciones
3.1 Un mundo de revistas
3.2 鈥 libros y ensayos
Conclusiones

Conclusiones

Formas de la cinefilia la construcci贸n de una mirada cr铆tica sobre el cine
Intelectuales del nuevo cine: cr铆ticos, cineclubistas, directores

Bibliograf铆a
Bibliograf铆a te贸rico-metodol贸gica
Bibliograf矛a sobre prensa gr谩fica y periodismo cultural
Bibliograf铆a sobre cinefilia, cineclubismo y prensa cinematogr谩fica

T铆tulo obtenido

Doctora de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Sociales

Instituci贸n otorgante

Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales

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