Sextualidades gráficas : sexualización del lenguaje y expresiones de la diferencia sexual en la revista Fierro, 1984-1992 y 2006-2015

Colaborador

Saxe, Facundo Nazareno

Spatial Coverage

Temporal Coverage

1984-1992
2006-2015

Idioma

spa

Extent

346 p.

Derechos

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.0 Genérica (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

Formato

application/pdf

Cobertura

ARG
1984-1992
2006-2015

Abstract

This doctoral thesis presents a critical study of Fierro Magazine during two of its three publication periods through an approach which combines different instruments and strategies of discourse analysis from a feminist perspective. Starting from the idea that it is possible to address textual proposals through the exploration of the sociosexual imaginaries which are depicted in the texts and that connect the productions with the contexts of reading, circulation and production.

Departing from Fierro -the one that emerges in the decade of 1980 and the one that is published again in the early 2000’s- we walk through the textual production from more than thirty years of comics and debates about identities, politics, sexuality and gender relations. Even though we tackle eight years from the first period (one hundred issues between september 1984 and december 1992), and nine years from the second period (between november 2006 and december 2015), this analysis examines three decades of social, political and economic transformations which affect the editorial section of comic magazines and its representations.

Both the emergence of the magazine, its closure and absence, as well as its reappearance and depletion imply the reconstruction of a creative production field penetrated by deep changes that coincide with the beginning of the post-authoritarian stage which starts with the restoration of democracy (1983) and continues until today. This thesis proposes to observe and analyze how the conceptions, spaces and expressions about gender and sexuality are understood, transformed and depicted; these conceptions, spaces and expressions, linked to a binary and hierarchical structure, are usually tracked down in cultural productions as a tension between “feminine” and “masculine”, regardless of the gender of the author or authors, or collective texts, such is the case of magazines. This tension takes shape as a gender dialogism which can be seen in dichotomic figurations but can also be dismantled through a critical approach.

In order to achieve that goal, in the first part of this thesis we propose, on one hand, a theoretical and methodological framework that gathers contributions from cultural studies on its intersection with feminisms and on the other, an approach to comic transdisciplinary studies from the last decades. First of all, we recover different traditions of feminist cultural criticism, discourse analysis and sociocriticism which aim to build what we have called a reading machine or a “feminist woman comic reader”. Thus, we build an analysis apparatus -based on the contributions of feminist, masculinity and sexual dissidence studies and the analytic developments from semiotics, communication and cultural studies- which aids to establish investigation lines that depart from these approaches in the field of comic studies. This means, to make visible that the feminist analysis of culture is richer and more complex than just exposing sexism and addressing stereotypes, and that feminist criticism transcends the study of the “woman sign” representation and the work of women authors. In second place, we elaborate a methodological strategy which includes the historical reconstruction from records, reading and analyzing the discourse from texts and interviews to relevant actors. On one side, this allows us to make an approach to magazines as a device which condenses a polyphony of voices on a political and cultural project; on the other, to analyze comics as cultural texts which depict a set of representations that circulate, transform and are transformed by the society.

After the theoretical and methodological section we present the analytical and empirical segment in which we address on one hand, the two magazine projects located in their social and historical context, and the editorial market in which they are embedded. Here we replenish -departing from the magazine textuality and from secondary sources- the emergence and circulation context, the communicational proposal and its features, its main topics and debates, the gender dialogism and the integration of women authors in the two periods of the magazine; we rebuild the time span in which the comic magazines sector shrinks and is absent on newsstands and reconverts under different production and consumption dynamics.

On the other hand, we analyze a selection of realist comics in both periods which we compile around three lines: 1) The construction of masculinity as a sign; 2) the discursive construction of the “woman sign”; and 3) the recurrence of certain chronotopes and heterotopias in the representation of time, space and frontiers. We try to reveal the analytical possibilities of comics as cultural texts from a feminist approach which considers the formal, topical, and enunciative aspects that have sociohistorical anchorages, which allows us to reflect on the period through its fictions. To sum up, we present the findings of the itinerary and point out the limits and contributions to the field of Communication and Culture studies that emerge from the development of our work.

Table Of Contents

INDICE
RESUMEN ABSTRACT AGRADECIMIENTOS INTRODUCCIÓN
PRIMERA PARTE: Marco Teórico-metodológico
I.I Los estudios feministas de la cultura
Las teorizaciones feministas y los Estudios Culturales
I.II Los estudios de historieta
Para un análisis e interpretación de historietas: soportes, lenguajes y efectos de lectura
I.III. Crítica feminista y sexodisidente de historietas
1. Las imágenes de la mujer y la denuncia de sexismo 2. La ginocrítica y la denuncia de exclusión de las autoras e invisibilización de sus aportes
3. Lectoras nómades o la apropiación de los espacios masculinizados I. IV. Estrategia metodológica y el recorte del corpus.

SEGUNDA PARTE: Emergencia, cierre, ausencia y retorno de una revista de historietas
II. I. Fierro. Historietas para sobrevivientes
El Subtemento Óxido y los concursos

II.II. Transformaciones en el mercado de revistas de historieta

II. III. Fierro regresa
Género / Generación: una clave de lectura
Más allá de Fierro

TERCERA PARTE: Análisis de revistas e historietas
III.I. Sextualidades: las revistas y el dialogismo sexogenérico en las historietas Algunas discusiones que cruzan las dos épocas Mucha muchacha: autoras y lectoras

III.II. Construcción sígnica de masculinidad y lazos de homosociabilidad
La ciudad y la redención del héroe: Perramus
Nacionalismo y masculinidad en las narraciones épicas de Enrique Breccia
Gangsters a la cordobesa: los unitarios de Peiró
Heridas de guerra en blanco y negro
Canto a la amistad: Corto Maltés en casa
A la deriva: Altavista
Según pasan los años: Vitamina Potencia
Cieloalto, la ciudad fantástica
Mi experiencia con Agé y canciones cursis para varones

III.III. Dibujadas: de compañeras a heroínas
Entre la mirada misógina y la victimización
Ellas rondan las calles
Custer: una flâneuse debajo del impermeable
Novedades en el frente: los partes de guerra de Patricia Breccia
Maitena, muchacha punk
Dora Bardavid, la joven “cazanazis”
Sasha, protagonista de post-porno
Ángela della Morte, migrante de cuerpos
Otras figuras transgresoras

III.IV. Espacialidad: la guerra y el sexo en Fierro
Fragmentos de la violencia: La Argentina en pedazos
“Viril convocatoria” y “Las putas de San Julián”
Malvinas en la historieta La batalla de las Malvinas
Suplemento “Malvinas 30 años”
Dos portadas por Malvinas
“Tortas fritas de polenta”
Guerra y prostíbulos


Conclusiones
ANEXO ENTREVISTA
• Patricia Breccia
• Juan Sasturain
• Silvia Maldini y Alejandra Obaya
• Diego Agrimbau
• Pablo De Santis
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
FUENTES PERIODÍSTICAS BLOGS

Título obtenido

Doctora de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Sociales

Institución otorgante

Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales

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