Estrategias empresariales y acción sindical en los procesos de tercerización laboral : el caso de las Telecomunicaciones en Argentina en la convertibilidad y en la post convertibilidad

Colaborador

Cortés, Rosalía

Idioma

spa

Extent

221 p.

Derechos

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.0 Genérica (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

Formato

application/pdf

Cobertura

ARG
1990-2010

Abstract

This thesis aims to investigate the determiners, evolution and characteristics of outsourcing in Argentina through a case study, the case of Telecommunications. What is the novelty that these processes introduce? What is its relation to the determiners of inequality in labor markets? How does the change in the economic cycle influence its development and what are its persistent
effects beyond the changes in circumstances?

The first chapters of this thesis examine the debates on the characteristics of labor subcontracting and its relationship with the determiners of inequality in labor markets. The introduction of a third party in the relationship between workers and employers, characteristic of these processes, opens gray areas for regulation and allows the progress of fraudulent forms of employment that conceal the responsibility of the controlling company of the entire process throughout outsourcing. These intermediation processes allow companies to evade standards of labor protection and labor conquests embodied in collective labor agreements, in order to reduce costs and maximize the reduction of risks.

These forms that subcontracting assume, called precarious outsourcing or subcontracting based on costs, imply the emergence of inequalities in various aspects among workers along the levels, rings or chains of subcontracting: salary differences, employment stability, professional career, working hours and social recognition, among others.

Also, the outsourcing processes tend to weaken the organizational power of the workers who previously constituted a labor collective, fissuring previous identities and avoiding the formation of joint trade union strategies. In countries with significant trade union structures, as is the case of Argentina, outsourcing can be used as a strategy to weaken the power of union pressure.

The second part of the work reconstructs the genesis and development of labor outsourcing processes in the area of Telecommunications in Argentina, identifying changes and continuities in their functioning in the longer term.

Based on the questions and issues expressed above, this work compared the determiners of business strategies and union actions in two historical stages: the convertibility stage and the post-convertibility stage. The change in the economic cycle, the characteristics of the external labor market and its institutions have effects on the union negotiation capability and had an impact on the tendency of the process and its determiners.

The assumption is that in periods of crisis, drop in employment and flexibilization of regulations – such as the decade of convertibility - it is necessary to negotiate "defensively" so as not to affect employment and safeguard the workers' organizations. On the other hand, in more prosperous times -such as post-convertibility- it is possible to obtain advantages for the workers with the possibility of advancing or radicalizing the type of claims and demands. Additionally, variables such as the union negotiating power derived from the more or less strategic position of the union in the economy, its history and the singularity of its organizational strength, the level of representation and the type of predominant ideological matrix, result to be relevant to understand the differences in strategies within the union spectrum.

In this way, the thesis poses the following questions: What were the reforms in labor subcontracting in the telecommunications sector brought about by the change of context? What was the range of collective action in bringing together the divisions and in reducing inequalities between the company´s staff and subcontracted workers? How reversible is the precarity produced by these mechanisms in the new situation? The paper analyzes the extent to which the main union in the Telecommunications sector harmonized the defense of the interests of its own workers -which constitute its traditional representation base-, with the defense of the outsourced workers who were left out of the union´s representation, after the process of privatization that replaced regular workers by subcontracted workers. In other words, it is analyzed if the trade union action indicates a "closing of ranks" of the workers already affiliated, or if it is possible to notice that the advantages gained are transferred to those sectors that are more precarious and with fewer resources and possibilities of successfully carrying out union actions.

Table Of Contents

AGRADECIMIENTOS
LISTA DE SIGLAS

PARTE I: PRESENTACION
1. Introducción
2. Metodología
3.Definiciones conceptuales y aproximaciones históricas a la problemática de la tercerización

PARTE II: EL ESTADO DEL ARTE
1. Teorías sobre la segmentación de los mercados laborales. Algunas discusiones
Escuela Institucionalista o de los Mercados Duales
La Escuela Radical Americana
La Corriente Regulacionista y otras corrientes asociadas, semejanzas y diferencias
Otras contribuciones de la Teoría de la Segmentación
El debate europeo en las últimas décadas
2. Discusiones en torno a la dinámica de los mercados laborales y las formas de absorción de la mano de obra en américa latina
Las teorías de la modernización y la marginalidad ecológica
La teoría de la dependencia y la marginalidad económica
Enfoques sobre el sector Informal
De la Informalidad a la Precariedad
De la marginalidad a la exclusión
3. La especificidad del mercado de trabajo argentino

PARTE III: ESTUDIO DE CASO: LAS TELECOMUNICACIONES EN ARGENTINA
1. La etapa de la convertibilidad
1.1 Los sindicatos: Algunas características del sindicalismo argentino y del sindicato telefónico
El sindicato Telefónico: una historia combativa
El sindicato FOETRA frente al proceso de privatización Desarrollo y resolución del conflicto de 1990
1.2 La privatización: ¿Modernización o regresión?
Nuevos actores y relaciones surgidos con la privatización: la gran transformación
Las transiciones laborales típicas entre los trabajadores telefónicos durante el periodo el periodo de la convertibilidad
Los que se fueron: como las empresas logran masivas desvinculaciones de trabajadores
¿Voluntariedad o Coacción?
Los retiros voluntarios algunos años después
Los que quedaron: los autodenominados sobrevivientes
Los nuevos ingresantes a la telefonía
Las pasantías y el recomienzo de la conflictividad laboral
Los subcontratados: “los otros”
1.3. Conclusiones de la etapa de la convertibilidad: los desafíos que deja planteados
2. Etapa post convertibilidad: las huellas de la precarización en la etapa de crecimiento económico
2.1. Nuevo escenario, nuevas preguntas
2.2. Los Telefónicos en el nuevo contexto
Los telefónicos y la lucha por la tercerización laboral en la post convertibilidad
Avances y obstáculos de la actividad gremial en la lucha contra la tercerización laboral
2.3. Conclusiones de la etapa post convertibilidad

Parte IV: CONCLUSIONES
BIBLIOGRAFIA
FUENTES DOCUMENTALES

Título obtenido

Doctora de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Sociales

Institución otorgante

Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales

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