Autor/es
Descripción
ver mas
Colaborador
García, Ariel Oscar
Zhouri Laschefski, Andréa Luisa
Materias
Spatial Coverage
Temporal Coverage
2015-2022
Idioma
spa
Extent
309 p.
Derechos
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
Formato
application/pdf
Identificador
Cobertura
BRA
2015-2022
Abstract
he question that guided this research was: How are the crisis and criticism managed in the mining sector in the face of disasters? More specifically, how did the Samarco, Vale and BHP Billiton disaster manifest in the municipality of Mariana (MG)? What actions did state agents and companies take to manage the crisis during the years after the collapse of the Fundão dam? And what characteristics and functions did the private foundation created by the companies assume in the management of criticism? Based on the questions raised and the initial hypotheses, the general objective of the research was to understand the occurrence and dynamics of the disaster in Mariana, paying special attention to the path of compensation policies and the corporate forms used to manage the crisis and the critical between 2015 and 2022.
The methodological design responds to a descriptive, empirical research scheme, based on the study of a case of mining disaster produced by Samarco (joint venture of Vale S.A. and BHP Billiton), which affected the entire Doce river basin from Mariana (MG) to Espírito Santo (ES), as well as its coastal towns. The study area considered corresponds to the municipality of Mariana, more specifically, to the communities of Bento Rodrigues, Paracatu de Baixo and what came to be known, in the field of disaster management, as "Rural Zone". The time period considered in this study contemplates the first seven years of disaster management, starting from the collapse of the Fundão tailings dam, in November 2015.
For four years, the institutional legal development of the Doce River disaster and its unfolding in the affectations of the communities of the municipality of Mariana were monitored. Participant observation, interviews, and document analysis were used, as well as a variety of secondary sources. For this, field trips and periods of remote monitoring were alternated. A first research stay took place between August and December 2018, in the Grupo de Estudos em Temáticas Ambientais of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (GESTA-UFMG), from which access to the field was obtained. During 2020 and 2021, hearings and virtual meetings were followed, and an important documentary corpus on compensation policies was collectively analyzed; finally, between February and November 2022, another face-to-face research stay was carried out, in which the meetings of the Commission of Atingidos pela Barragem de Fundão (CABF) held every two weeks, working groups and grassroots groups were followed to discuss reparation measures. Likewise, 34 semi-directed and in-depth interviews were carried out, in person or remotely, with state, corporate, professional and/or activists linked to disaster management in Mariana.
The perspective of the victims was incorporated through the observation of their interactions with public agents, ethnographies, the monthly publications of the newspaper A Sirene and informal conversations during the observed activities. In addition, the monitoring of the case was complemented with observations, interviews and analysis of documents on the current situation of the mining sector in Brazil, in general, and Minas Gerais, in particular, including survey of legal regulations, visits to other communities affected by mining and participation in events of the Brazilian Mining Institute (IBRAM), representative entity of the sector.
In the first chapter, a characterization of the Brazilian mining sector is outlined and the trajectory of the extraction and export of iron since 1990, the proliferation of territorial conflicts around large-scale projects, and the particularities of the environmental issue in Brazil are analyzed. In the second chapter, the Doce River disaster is described as a process, considering its production conditions, the experiences of the disaster in the municipality of Mariana and the main demands for justice of the victims throughout the period considered. In the third chapter, the state and corporate actions regarding the management of the crisis in Mariana and its evolution during the years after the collapse of Fundão are identified and described, based on the path of compensation policies. In the fourth chapter, the Renova Foundation (entity in charge of recovery, repair, mitigation, indemnification and compensation measures for losses and damages) is characterized as a corporate form, and corporate social technologies of criticism management are conceptualized. implemented and disseminated through it, taking into account its dynamics throughout the disaster.
Finally, the conclusions point to the identification of corporate strategies of strategic commitment in the face of the disaster, as a way to legally and socially guarantee the continuity of the exploitation, and a partial appropriation of the criticism by the State, which modified the legislation related to the subject. legitimizing the process of vulnerabilization of communities and the institutionalization of sacrifice zones. The organization of companies on a global scale, which is resignified by the entities of the sector at a national and local level in order to articulate strategies to neutralize criticism, which in the mining sector can take the form of a social license to operate, responsibility social entrepreneurship or, more recently, certification schemes under the label of "Environmental, Social and Governance", in short, forms of domestication of conflicts and neutralization of criticism that promote feelings of political resignation.
The methodological design responds to a descriptive, empirical research scheme, based on the study of a case of mining disaster produced by Samarco (joint venture of Vale S.A. and BHP Billiton), which affected the entire Doce river basin from Mariana (MG) to Espírito Santo (ES), as well as its coastal towns. The study area considered corresponds to the municipality of Mariana, more specifically, to the communities of Bento Rodrigues, Paracatu de Baixo and what came to be known, in the field of disaster management, as "Rural Zone". The time period considered in this study contemplates the first seven years of disaster management, starting from the collapse of the Fundão tailings dam, in November 2015.
For four years, the institutional legal development of the Doce River disaster and its unfolding in the affectations of the communities of the municipality of Mariana were monitored. Participant observation, interviews, and document analysis were used, as well as a variety of secondary sources. For this, field trips and periods of remote monitoring were alternated. A first research stay took place between August and December 2018, in the Grupo de Estudos em Temáticas Ambientais of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (GESTA-UFMG), from which access to the field was obtained. During 2020 and 2021, hearings and virtual meetings were followed, and an important documentary corpus on compensation policies was collectively analyzed; finally, between February and November 2022, another face-to-face research stay was carried out, in which the meetings of the Commission of Atingidos pela Barragem de Fundão (CABF) held every two weeks, working groups and grassroots groups were followed to discuss reparation measures. Likewise, 34 semi-directed and in-depth interviews were carried out, in person or remotely, with state, corporate, professional and/or activists linked to disaster management in Mariana.
The perspective of the victims was incorporated through the observation of their interactions with public agents, ethnographies, the monthly publications of the newspaper A Sirene and informal conversations during the observed activities. In addition, the monitoring of the case was complemented with observations, interviews and analysis of documents on the current situation of the mining sector in Brazil, in general, and Minas Gerais, in particular, including survey of legal regulations, visits to other communities affected by mining and participation in events of the Brazilian Mining Institute (IBRAM), representative entity of the sector.
In the first chapter, a characterization of the Brazilian mining sector is outlined and the trajectory of the extraction and export of iron since 1990, the proliferation of territorial conflicts around large-scale projects, and the particularities of the environmental issue in Brazil are analyzed. In the second chapter, the Doce River disaster is described as a process, considering its production conditions, the experiences of the disaster in the municipality of Mariana and the main demands for justice of the victims throughout the period considered. In the third chapter, the state and corporate actions regarding the management of the crisis in Mariana and its evolution during the years after the collapse of Fundão are identified and described, based on the path of compensation policies. In the fourth chapter, the Renova Foundation (entity in charge of recovery, repair, mitigation, indemnification and compensation measures for losses and damages) is characterized as a corporate form, and corporate social technologies of criticism management are conceptualized. implemented and disseminated through it, taking into account its dynamics throughout the disaster.
Finally, the conclusions point to the identification of corporate strategies of strategic commitment in the face of the disaster, as a way to legally and socially guarantee the continuity of the exploitation, and a partial appropriation of the criticism by the State, which modified the legislation related to the subject. legitimizing the process of vulnerabilization of communities and the institutionalization of sacrifice zones. The organization of companies on a global scale, which is resignified by the entities of the sector at a national and local level in order to articulate strategies to neutralize criticism, which in the mining sector can take the form of a social license to operate, responsibility social entrepreneurship or, more recently, certification schemes under the label of "Environmental, Social and Governance", in short, forms of domestication of conflicts and neutralization of criticism that promote feelings of political resignation.
Título obtenido
Doctora de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Sociales
Institución otorgante
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales