Autor/es
Descripción
ver mas
Colaborador
Grassi, Estela
Materias
Spatial Coverage
Temporal Coverage
2003-2015
Idioma
spa
Extent
197 p.
Derechos
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.0 Genérica (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
Formato
application/pdf
Identificador
Cobertura
ARG
2003-2015
Abstract
Towards the end of the 20th Century, the failure of the Trickle-down Theory’s promises about well- being has resulted in new discussions about social and employment issues. As son as the experts cheked that work did not actually permit escaping poverty, social problems emerged as a critical point to solve: Was it appropiate to include in the reals of employment certains guaranties for reproduction of life? Or, instead, was it convenient to keep issues as labour and protection in separate tracks? Either way, What características should these protection exhibit to be considered “fair” ans “sustainable”? According to these controversies, the approaches about informality were revisitated.
This work inquires on the problematizations about informal work produced in the technical field. We focus on the ways in wich labour and life conditions for employees were themed in the debates of assistance and social security in Argentina, between 2003 and 2015. Also, we explore the relationship between these problematizations and the processes of defining social policies that took place during this period. Local debates on informality cannot be understood without examine the conceptualisations elaborated by certain global development agencies (ILO, ECLAC, WB), that profoundly changed its field of study and discussion. Thus, our approach has been circumscribed to the “public” or “statal” knowledge (local and international), considering their relationships of interchange. Our methodological strategy was based in a fieldwork on expert discourse.
The thesis is structured in three major blocks. The Preliminary Chapter expose our conceptual, historical and methodological perspective on the object of study.
The First Part adresses the problematizations produced by the select international agencies. At the begining we take a historical survey of their role in the framing of social programmatics. The following chapters sistematyze each organism’s perspective, with the goal of showing the heterogenity of its social agendas. In spite of the common apreciation about the (economic, political, moral) need to add certain social objectives to economic targets, their content, the State models to convey them, and the principles of justice evoked, were the main themes in discussion throughout the cycle. The disputes between these agencies were one of our findings.
These controversies were refracted onto the issue of informality. We identified three conceptual movements that have reconfigured the discussion in the field regarding this phenomenon: the classic concept of the urban informal sector reformulation, thorugh the notion of "informal economy", propounded by the ILO; its re-emergence in the ECLAC's production; abd the updating of the neoliberal vision, in the WB's documents. These explications and definitions have recomposed divergently the relationship between economic growth and social expectations of well-being; between work and poverty; and those recognized as informal employees as labour or protection subjects. We conclude this part with a general synthesis.
The Second Part is dedicated to the analysis of the state knowledge around informality and protections in Argentina. We track the networks of circulation of knowledge produced by global actors, as well as translations and local contributions. We carry out a historical reconstruction of local expertise on social issues and highlight the pre-eminence of the theory of precariousness among progressive experts to analyze socio-labor problems. Towards the end of 1990, they paid great attention to the processes of heterogeneization of the socio-labor structure, which enabled the debate on informality in the local context. After the crisis of the years 2001/2002, the official discourse was reconfigured and this nucleus of experts went on to integrate or associate with the state dependencies.
The ordering of the subsequent chapters is thematic, depending on the network of problems in which the issue of informality was inscribed since then. First, we address the relationship between economy and politics in the official programs on "development with social inclusion". The consideration of the State and politics as fundamental axes to promote a structural change in society, which reversed the "neoliberal legacy", obliterated the analysis of other dimensions that condition political activities, such as productive ones. The objective of restoring protected work as a vector of integration was promoted by the expectation of "refounding the Welfare State".
After that, we dive into the transition that took place from the precariousness theory to the approach of the "informal economy" in the analyses on labor problems performed by experts. Suddenly, we analyze the shift from "normal employment" to "decent employment” as a policy goal. We explain the effects of the operation of segmentation of the informal economy in the establishment of a modular intervention strategy. Also this approeach has led to the distinction of a segment of "subsistence workers", close to unemployment and inactivity. The focus on informality channeled the diagnosis on crucial changes in the physiognomy of the Argentine labour world, resulting in new networks of causality and areas for intervention, such as the question of "employability".
Finally, we followed the debates on the social policies implemented, and reconstructed the foundations that led to the rejection of the principle of universalism and, instead, give centrality to social security, in terms of the objective of expanding protections.
The final conclusions recompose the relationship between the two parts of the thesis. This research reveals the reordering of relations between local cabinets and transnational knowledge, based on criteria of theoretical and programmatic proximity, which led to a sustained controversy with the WB regarding employment and protections, and to resume -reformulating-certain categories produced by the ILO and ECLAC. Also, we underscore the national perspective that was intended to build concerning social and labor problems. It was crossed by the tensions that has emerged between the expectation of recomposing formal employment and the recongnition of job segments with difficult perspectives of returning to the labour market. The social policies targeted to them have combined assistance, promotion and assurance actions.
This work inquires on the problematizations about informal work produced in the technical field. We focus on the ways in wich labour and life conditions for employees were themed in the debates of assistance and social security in Argentina, between 2003 and 2015. Also, we explore the relationship between these problematizations and the processes of defining social policies that took place during this period. Local debates on informality cannot be understood without examine the conceptualisations elaborated by certain global development agencies (ILO, ECLAC, WB), that profoundly changed its field of study and discussion. Thus, our approach has been circumscribed to the “public” or “statal” knowledge (local and international), considering their relationships of interchange. Our methodological strategy was based in a fieldwork on expert discourse.
The thesis is structured in three major blocks. The Preliminary Chapter expose our conceptual, historical and methodological perspective on the object of study.
The First Part adresses the problematizations produced by the select international agencies. At the begining we take a historical survey of their role in the framing of social programmatics. The following chapters sistematyze each organism’s perspective, with the goal of showing the heterogenity of its social agendas. In spite of the common apreciation about the (economic, political, moral) need to add certain social objectives to economic targets, their content, the State models to convey them, and the principles of justice evoked, were the main themes in discussion throughout the cycle. The disputes between these agencies were one of our findings.
These controversies were refracted onto the issue of informality. We identified three conceptual movements that have reconfigured the discussion in the field regarding this phenomenon: the classic concept of the urban informal sector reformulation, thorugh the notion of "informal economy", propounded by the ILO; its re-emergence in the ECLAC's production; abd the updating of the neoliberal vision, in the WB's documents. These explications and definitions have recomposed divergently the relationship between economic growth and social expectations of well-being; between work and poverty; and those recognized as informal employees as labour or protection subjects. We conclude this part with a general synthesis.
The Second Part is dedicated to the analysis of the state knowledge around informality and protections in Argentina. We track the networks of circulation of knowledge produced by global actors, as well as translations and local contributions. We carry out a historical reconstruction of local expertise on social issues and highlight the pre-eminence of the theory of precariousness among progressive experts to analyze socio-labor problems. Towards the end of 1990, they paid great attention to the processes of heterogeneization of the socio-labor structure, which enabled the debate on informality in the local context. After the crisis of the years 2001/2002, the official discourse was reconfigured and this nucleus of experts went on to integrate or associate with the state dependencies.
The ordering of the subsequent chapters is thematic, depending on the network of problems in which the issue of informality was inscribed since then. First, we address the relationship between economy and politics in the official programs on "development with social inclusion". The consideration of the State and politics as fundamental axes to promote a structural change in society, which reversed the "neoliberal legacy", obliterated the analysis of other dimensions that condition political activities, such as productive ones. The objective of restoring protected work as a vector of integration was promoted by the expectation of "refounding the Welfare State".
After that, we dive into the transition that took place from the precariousness theory to the approach of the "informal economy" in the analyses on labor problems performed by experts. Suddenly, we analyze the shift from "normal employment" to "decent employment” as a policy goal. We explain the effects of the operation of segmentation of the informal economy in the establishment of a modular intervention strategy. Also this approeach has led to the distinction of a segment of "subsistence workers", close to unemployment and inactivity. The focus on informality channeled the diagnosis on crucial changes in the physiognomy of the Argentine labour world, resulting in new networks of causality and areas for intervention, such as the question of "employability".
Finally, we followed the debates on the social policies implemented, and reconstructed the foundations that led to the rejection of the principle of universalism and, instead, give centrality to social security, in terms of the objective of expanding protections.
The final conclusions recompose the relationship between the two parts of the thesis. This research reveals the reordering of relations between local cabinets and transnational knowledge, based on criteria of theoretical and programmatic proximity, which led to a sustained controversy with the WB regarding employment and protections, and to resume -reformulating-certain categories produced by the ILO and ECLAC. Also, we underscore the national perspective that was intended to build concerning social and labor problems. It was crossed by the tensions that has emerged between the expectation of recomposing formal employment and the recongnition of job segments with difficult perspectives of returning to the labour market. The social policies targeted to them have combined assistance, promotion and assurance actions.
Título obtenido
Magister de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Investigación en Ciencias Sociales
Institución otorgante
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales