Los que vuelven, los emigrantes argentinos calificados que retornaron : claves biográficas para su comprensión, el caso de Inglaterra.

Colaborador

Calvelo, Laura

Spatial Coverage

Idioma

spa

Extent

113 p.

Derechos

info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.0 Genérica (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)

Formato

application/pdf

Cobertura

ARG
GBR

Abstract

Research on international migration movements in Argentina has been focused almost always on immigration matters (inflow). This is to say that since the times of the Conquest and until our days, it is higher in quantities than those willing leave this land.

Although since the 1960´s onwards, some research was made on migration (outflow) of argentine nationals, there hasn’t been a real interest in the development of research on return migration and their psychological, sociological and emotional effects on returned migrants.

The right of movement is a fundamental Human Right, and as such, Dr. Lelio Mármora explains that another fundamental right should be not to be forced to migrate from our own country of origin.

With the present research, it is our intention to deepen life experiences with regards to argentine returned migrants after a length of time residing abroad since emigration occurred in the last migration “wave”, after the economic crises literally halted the country. Bearing this in mind, additionally we would like to analyze and understand from the view of the destination country chosen by those migrants (London, England in this case), who are still currently residing in England and their motivations –and also differences- with those who returned.

Since there is a lack of studies in this topic that –as said-, a growing interest has started to develop after a relevant number of argentine nationals came back during the last decade.

Even though, when democracy was reestablished in the eighties, there was a relative concern over the repatriation of those who exercised exile in the 70´s and 80´s however, during the nineties, neoliberal practices adopted international migration as an “escape valve” from unemployment.

In our view –which is complementary with what was expressed by Dr. Marmora-, there is a growing concern on immigration, duly noted in the inclusive latest legislation, however, with a lack of interest to retain or attract our own resources residing abroad.

To grasp these life stories, migration decisions, the own experience of the process itself, and the return, these are own characteristics of the migrants’ selectivity.

“Who” returns and “why” they do it from study cases, will try to provide diverse starting points to develop research in stories from a shared common standing point which is the migratory experience.

The points of contact and the variety of stories will also provide the insight of the return, this is to say, the satisfaction or regret of having made the decision to “go back”. Explanatory limitations from different standpoints and willing to deepen further in the causes of migratory movements, research has been addressed with different theoretical and methodological approaches keen on combining determining factors (macro approach) with others where the individual and “micro” context is also considered, in words of Egea Jiménez, Nieto Calmaestra y Jiménez Bautista (2002). Moreover, we humbly pretend to awake the interest in performing increasing number of researches, diving into the passionate topic of return migrations or – moreover-, in regard to public policies that include “those who leave”, so they needn´t do so.

Certainly, migration and return migration, could be seen, grasped and criticized from different theoretical concepts and frames. We would like to emphasize, the situational context in which the migrant was “framed” before their journey –impossible to modify- (economic performance and general indicators), and how the same assessment and decision making at the time before the return was made, altogether with the rational choice each case made, without losing from sight the emotional motives or “sensible choices”.

It is of core importance, to understand the years of residence abroad in the migration experience, since our approach –that we share with Bovenkerk-, with increasing time of residency abroad, increasing will be the possibility of assimilation in the host society, and less inclined will the migrant be to return to the country of origin. In our present dissertation, we would like to grasp those who did assimilate the new society and those who didn’t.

It is also reasonable, that in any migration “will take part not only a change in the location of residency of a particular population, but also considerable transformations in the population structures and labour markets of the affected countries or regions” (Petersen, W; 1968).

We should understand that the assimilation that Bovenkerk mentions of the returnee, this process will mutate from bad to worse. If it became hard to adapt to the host society, the return to their home will discover the unpleasant surprise that this “old world” is unknown and hostile. The returnee is a story of a double uprooting (Schutz; 1974).

To this topic, we would like to address conveniently.

Table Of Contents

Agradecimientos
Introducción
1. El estudio del retorno de la migración calificada en Argentina
1.1 Antecedentes generales
1.2 En la región
1.3 En Argentina
1.4 Programa Raíces
1.5 Los enfoques
1.6 Patrones y tendencias en la migración internacional calificada en la región
2. Aspectos metodológicos
2.1 Problemas en la medición del fenómeno
3. La migración calificada en la post-convertibilidad y su retorno
3.1 Argentinos calificados en Inglaterra y su estimación
4. Evidencias biográficas para la comprensión del retorno de la migración calificada
4.1 La crisis de la convertibilidad
4.2 Las largas colas en los consulados europeos durante la pre y la post-convertibilidad
4.3 Las claves biográficas de los retornados
4.4 El contexto de partida y la decisión de emigrar de los retornados
4.5 El proceso de acostumbramiento de los retornados
4.6 El retorno. La decisión y el proceso
4.7 El contexto del retorno. El re-acostumbramiento a la sociedad de origen. La conformidad de la decisión: Realidad vs. Expectativas
4.8 Argentinos residentes en Inglaterra
4.9 El contexto de partida y la decisión de emigrar de los “permanentes”
4.10 El proceso de acostumbramiento de los que permanecen
4.11 Supervivencias
4.12 La permanencia en Inglaterra y los trade-offs
4.13 APARU La diáspora de argentinos en el Reino Unido
5. Conclusiones
5.1 Sobre los retornados
5.2 Sobre los que permanecen
6. Bibliografía y fuentes
Anexo
I. Cuadro I Modelo racional – emocional del migrante.
II. Cuadro II Teorías de la migración de retorno.
III. Tabla I Población residente en el Reino Unido por país de nacimiento.
IV. Tabla II Población argentina (nativa) en el exterior.
V. Tabla III Flujo de argentinos (nativos) en el Reino Unido.
VI. Cuadro III “retornados y permanentes”. Claves biográficas más relevantes surgidas de las entrevistas.
VII. Guía de entrevista semi-estructurada utilizada para nuestros casos retornados.
VIII. Guía de entrevista semi-estructurada utilizada para nuestros casos que aún permanecen en Inglaterra.
IX. Tabla IV Datos básicos de nuestros entrevistados retornados.
X. Tabla V Datos básicos de nuestros entrevistados que permanecen.

Título obtenido

Magister de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Sociales del Trabajo

Institución otorgante

Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales

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