Autor/es
Descripción
ver mas
Colaborador
Malosetti, Laura
Ansaldi, Waldo
Idioma
spa
Extent
431 p.
Derechos
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.0 Genérica (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
Formato
application/pdf
Identificador
Cobertura
ARG
1978-1983
Abstract
This thesis deals with the relationship between culture and politics under the latest Argentine military dictatorship (1976 1983) as shown in the mass magazine HUMOR REGISTRADO (HUM®). In June 1978, in the midst of the World Cup euphoria, some cracks appeared on the surface of the shield imposed by the “Proceso”. The sportive event, not only caused a more active and extended support to the militars than the one they had during de coup d’etate, but it also opened the possibility of questioning the military supremacy and power.
HUM® emerged in this context and stood on the margins of the field of great cultural production, and from here it slowly built the conditions for the appearance of new identities and subjectivities that dared laugh, mock and reflect over the ruling power. The analysis of the HUM® magazine this thesis deals with shows the place of culture and humour within the opposition strategies to the military dictatorship from the initial moment when there was a distention in the repressive mechanism, as well as the characteristics and limitations as of the criticism and disagreements in a mass magazine of graphic humour. HUM® placed culture in a central political place between the strategies of dissidence and opposition to the military dictatorship by making explicit the limits and contradictions of the foundational project that militars and civilians tried to impose. It also contributed to the recovery of the field of the cultural production by turning the feelings into an alternative position to the predominant. From this new position, which I call “integrated–apocalyptic”, it undermined the historical legitimacy of the Armed Forces as political actor and raised the status of democracy as the best possible political regime and way of living. For this purpose, the numerous humouristic resources turned into a fundamental element for its ambiguous, disdainful and cohesive characteristic.
Between 1978 and 1983, HUM® had a steady growth, and together with the strength of its critical and opposing posture it turned from a magazine of humour into a political magazine without parting from its first goal. It also consolidated a new position of much more importance in the cultural field. Part of this process was due to the critical voices to the cultural, economic and political situation imposed by the militars and the civilians who backed up the process In the light of these aspects, the experience of HUM® magazine is meaningful within the frame of a supremacy conflict.
From a theoretical methodological point of view, this thesis is related to the sociology of culture though it has contacts with the field of cultural and art history as well as with the political and social history. On one hand it reconstructs the field of the great Argentine cultural and media production, and in particular the field of the graphic humour press which HUM® invaded. On the other hand, text representations humourous or non humourous are analyzed together with pictures drawings published by HUM® between 1978 and 1983, seen these as irreducible in themselves because they exceeded each other and though they keep intricate relations, they do not confound. These representations are compared with the official representations and with those originated and published by other means of mass communication, whether humorous or non humorous, with the purpose of setting the range and limitation of the critic. Mechanisms of production, textual and visual strategies used to avoid censorship, closure and repression to the magazine are identified, as well as those that helped attract readers by persuading and generating the support of the public and fellow mates.
The social conditions of production and propagation of the magazine as well as the cultural links that were created by HUM® are also described and analyzed. In the thesis are also analyzed the mechanisms of domination and censorship applied by military governments as derived from official documents such as the Boletines Oficiales from the nation and city of Buenos Aires, pertinent legislation and repression files.
This thesis is based on the 119 issues of the magazine published between June 1978 and December 1983, when the return of democracy took place with the assumption of Raul Alfonsin as president, appointed in October the same year. The representations published in the magazine are compared to those produced in other media of communication, in particular the graphic press and other contemporary publications of graphic humour such as Tia Vicenta magazine (second period) and Hortensia from Cordoba province. For the description and explanation of the social conditions of production and distribution of HUM® magazine, statistic information and marks in the same publication are analyzed. Interviews to key informants were made to reconstruct the path of the editorial staff and collaborators of the magazine and their relation to the field of graphic humour. The reception of the magazine is analyzed from the number of sales, and the readers’ mail, baring in mind the limitations this has.
Unlike the cultural analyses that focus on written discourse, this thesis pays special attention to the images without disregarding them, nor the relations between them. The thesis adds to the argument about the dichotomic interpretations of the relation between the cultural productions and the dictatorship where, if massive, they are considered accessory and submissive to the military regime, whereas the artistic and underground productions are associated with the opposition. The massive productions in the cultural field during those years still have a slanting aspect and this dichotomic interpretation can be questioned and so the cracks and contradictions of the regime, as well as what emerged from it, in this case the HUM® magazine can be attended to.
HUM® emerged in this context and stood on the margins of the field of great cultural production, and from here it slowly built the conditions for the appearance of new identities and subjectivities that dared laugh, mock and reflect over the ruling power. The analysis of the HUM® magazine this thesis deals with shows the place of culture and humour within the opposition strategies to the military dictatorship from the initial moment when there was a distention in the repressive mechanism, as well as the characteristics and limitations as of the criticism and disagreements in a mass magazine of graphic humour. HUM® placed culture in a central political place between the strategies of dissidence and opposition to the military dictatorship by making explicit the limits and contradictions of the foundational project that militars and civilians tried to impose. It also contributed to the recovery of the field of the cultural production by turning the feelings into an alternative position to the predominant. From this new position, which I call “integrated–apocalyptic”, it undermined the historical legitimacy of the Armed Forces as political actor and raised the status of democracy as the best possible political regime and way of living. For this purpose, the numerous humouristic resources turned into a fundamental element for its ambiguous, disdainful and cohesive characteristic.
Between 1978 and 1983, HUM® had a steady growth, and together with the strength of its critical and opposing posture it turned from a magazine of humour into a political magazine without parting from its first goal. It also consolidated a new position of much more importance in the cultural field. Part of this process was due to the critical voices to the cultural, economic and political situation imposed by the militars and the civilians who backed up the process In the light of these aspects, the experience of HUM® magazine is meaningful within the frame of a supremacy conflict.
From a theoretical methodological point of view, this thesis is related to the sociology of culture though it has contacts with the field of cultural and art history as well as with the political and social history. On one hand it reconstructs the field of the great Argentine cultural and media production, and in particular the field of the graphic humour press which HUM® invaded. On the other hand, text representations humourous or non humourous are analyzed together with pictures drawings published by HUM® between 1978 and 1983, seen these as irreducible in themselves because they exceeded each other and though they keep intricate relations, they do not confound. These representations are compared with the official representations and with those originated and published by other means of mass communication, whether humorous or non humorous, with the purpose of setting the range and limitation of the critic. Mechanisms of production, textual and visual strategies used to avoid censorship, closure and repression to the magazine are identified, as well as those that helped attract readers by persuading and generating the support of the public and fellow mates.
The social conditions of production and propagation of the magazine as well as the cultural links that were created by HUM® are also described and analyzed. In the thesis are also analyzed the mechanisms of domination and censorship applied by military governments as derived from official documents such as the Boletines Oficiales from the nation and city of Buenos Aires, pertinent legislation and repression files.
This thesis is based on the 119 issues of the magazine published between June 1978 and December 1983, when the return of democracy took place with the assumption of Raul Alfonsin as president, appointed in October the same year. The representations published in the magazine are compared to those produced in other media of communication, in particular the graphic press and other contemporary publications of graphic humour such as Tia Vicenta magazine (second period) and Hortensia from Cordoba province. For the description and explanation of the social conditions of production and distribution of HUM® magazine, statistic information and marks in the same publication are analyzed. Interviews to key informants were made to reconstruct the path of the editorial staff and collaborators of the magazine and their relation to the field of graphic humour. The reception of the magazine is analyzed from the number of sales, and the readers’ mail, baring in mind the limitations this has.
Unlike the cultural analyses that focus on written discourse, this thesis pays special attention to the images without disregarding them, nor the relations between them. The thesis adds to the argument about the dichotomic interpretations of the relation between the cultural productions and the dictatorship where, if massive, they are considered accessory and submissive to the military regime, whereas the artistic and underground productions are associated with the opposition. The massive productions in the cultural field during those years still have a slanting aspect and this dichotomic interpretation can be questioned and so the cracks and contradictions of the regime, as well as what emerged from it, in this case the HUM® magazine can be attended to.
Título obtenido
Doctora de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Sociales
Institución otorgante
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales