Autor/es
Descripción
ver mas
Colaborador
Cruz Esquivel, Juan
Mallimaci, Fortunato H.
Materias
Spatial Coverage
Temporal Coverage
1999-2016
Idioma
spa
Extent
398 p.
Derechos
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.0 Genérica (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
Formato
application/pdf
Identificador
Cobertura
ARG
1999-2016
Abstract
This thesis aims to study the links between Catholicism and the government of education in the Argentine provinces in recent history, focusing on three dimensions: the distribution of educational expenditure between state-run schools and privately managed schools, the presence of religious education in state-run schools, and the way in which decision-making spaces are distributed in the Ministries of Education. The period studied ranges from 1999 to 2016 because the process of provincialization of education initiated by the educational reforms of the 1990s makes the provinces a privileged area for analyzing the links between Catholicism and the government of education (available data systematized by public agencies are from 1999). The study extends to the present to identify long-term trends.
This objective results from the heterogeneity among the provinces on these three dimensions. First, there is a strong interprovincial variation in the percentage of education spending allocated to the provinces privately run schools. Second, the laws of the provinces pose different types of presence of religious education in state schools. Third, the selection of state officials varies between provinces regarding the degree and mode of incidence of Catholicism in this recruitment.
On the basis this heterogeneity, the question that organizes this thesis can be formulated as follows: what is the incidence of Catholicism in the distribution of education expenditure, in the presence of religion in the content that is taught, and in the way in which the decision-making spaces in the Provincial Ministries of Education are distributed?
To answer this question, a mixed methodological strategy is used. This strategy combines a quantitative approach, covering all provinces, with a qualitative and comparative one. The cases selected for the comparative approach are Salta (where the law prescribes compulsory religious teaching), Cordoba (where the law allows optional religious teaching), Chaco (where the law defines state education as secular) and the City of Buenos Aires Aires (where the Constitution establishes that education is secular but there is no education law). The criterion of case selection is, therefore, the variation in the dependent variable. The quantitative approach seeks to answer the question about how Catholicism affects the distribution of educational expenditure of the provinces between state and privately run schools.
To answer this question, hypothesis in which different variables related to Catholicism involved are contrasted. In particular, the objective is to determine the extent to which actors, institutions and political culture influence the percentage of expenditure that provincial education systems transfer to privately run schools. To test this hypothesis, multivariate regression models with
panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) are used.
The qualitative and comparative approach seeks to answer two questions. First, how does Catholicism affect the way in which provincial laws prescribe the presence or absence of religious teaching in state schools? Second, how does it affect the trajectories of the officials of the Ministries of Education of the provinces? To answer the first question, public social debates (outside legislatures) and legislative debates (within legislatures) are studied in each of the selected provinces. Public social debates are reconstructed through a process tracing method. The objective of this process tracing is to analyze the role of Catholicism in the debate from the perspective of the advocacy coalition framework.
On the other hand, legislative debates are studied through the discourse analysis of legislators' speeches, focusing on the allusions to collective memories, representations about the provinces, and framings of the relationship between religion and education.
To answer the question about the degrees and modalities in which Catholicism affects the selection of officials of the Provincial Ministries of Education, the social trajectories of the officials of the selected provinces are traced through the biographical method. The goal of this trajectory tracing is to identify in what way and to what extent the selection of officials of the Ministries of Education is related to their religious networks and paths.
The main findings of this thesis are four. First, the quantitative analysis concludes that the factor that most explains the distribution of provincial education expenditure between state schools and private schools is the weight of Catholic schools. Second, from the process tracing analysis of the social discussions of education laws, the conclusion is that the role that Catholicism plays in the public social debates affects the legislative results: Catholicism can promote laws or veto them, according to the degree of participation of the civil society. Third, the finding based on the analysis of legislators' speeches is that the frameworks of the relationship between religion and education presented in the discourses of legislators are delimited by the place that Catholicism occupies in collective memories and representations about the province of the political community. Finally, from the study of the social trajectories of the officials, the main conclusion is that the modalities in which Catholicism affects the selection of these decision-makers depend on the type of Catholicism that exists in each province.
This objective results from the heterogeneity among the provinces on these three dimensions. First, there is a strong interprovincial variation in the percentage of education spending allocated to the provinces privately run schools. Second, the laws of the provinces pose different types of presence of religious education in state schools. Third, the selection of state officials varies between provinces regarding the degree and mode of incidence of Catholicism in this recruitment.
On the basis this heterogeneity, the question that organizes this thesis can be formulated as follows: what is the incidence of Catholicism in the distribution of education expenditure, in the presence of religion in the content that is taught, and in the way in which the decision-making spaces in the Provincial Ministries of Education are distributed?
To answer this question, a mixed methodological strategy is used. This strategy combines a quantitative approach, covering all provinces, with a qualitative and comparative one. The cases selected for the comparative approach are Salta (where the law prescribes compulsory religious teaching), Cordoba (where the law allows optional religious teaching), Chaco (where the law defines state education as secular) and the City of Buenos Aires Aires (where the Constitution establishes that education is secular but there is no education law). The criterion of case selection is, therefore, the variation in the dependent variable. The quantitative approach seeks to answer the question about how Catholicism affects the distribution of educational expenditure of the provinces between state and privately run schools.
To answer this question, hypothesis in which different variables related to Catholicism involved are contrasted. In particular, the objective is to determine the extent to which actors, institutions and political culture influence the percentage of expenditure that provincial education systems transfer to privately run schools. To test this hypothesis, multivariate regression models with
panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) are used.
The qualitative and comparative approach seeks to answer two questions. First, how does Catholicism affect the way in which provincial laws prescribe the presence or absence of religious teaching in state schools? Second, how does it affect the trajectories of the officials of the Ministries of Education of the provinces? To answer the first question, public social debates (outside legislatures) and legislative debates (within legislatures) are studied in each of the selected provinces. Public social debates are reconstructed through a process tracing method. The objective of this process tracing is to analyze the role of Catholicism in the debate from the perspective of the advocacy coalition framework.
On the other hand, legislative debates are studied through the discourse analysis of legislators' speeches, focusing on the allusions to collective memories, representations about the provinces, and framings of the relationship between religion and education.
To answer the question about the degrees and modalities in which Catholicism affects the selection of officials of the Provincial Ministries of Education, the social trajectories of the officials of the selected provinces are traced through the biographical method. The goal of this trajectory tracing is to identify in what way and to what extent the selection of officials of the Ministries of Education is related to their religious networks and paths.
The main findings of this thesis are four. First, the quantitative analysis concludes that the factor that most explains the distribution of provincial education expenditure between state schools and private schools is the weight of Catholic schools. Second, from the process tracing analysis of the social discussions of education laws, the conclusion is that the role that Catholicism plays in the public social debates affects the legislative results: Catholicism can promote laws or veto them, according to the degree of participation of the civil society. Third, the finding based on the analysis of legislators' speeches is that the frameworks of the relationship between religion and education presented in the discourses of legislators are delimited by the place that Catholicism occupies in collective memories and representations about the province of the political community. Finally, from the study of the social trajectories of the officials, the main conclusion is that the modalities in which Catholicism affects the selection of these decision-makers depend on the type of Catholicism that exists in each province.
Título obtenido
Doctora de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Sociales
Institución otorgante
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales