Autor/es
Descripción
ver mas
Colaborador
Trinchero, Héctor Hugo
Petz, Ivanna Lys
Materias
Spatial Coverage
Temporal Coverage
Últimas décadas del siglo XX-comienzos del XXI
Idioma
spa
Extent
390 p.
Derechos
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.0 Genérica (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
Formato
application/pdf
Identificador
Cobertura
1001514
Salta (province)
Siglo XX-Siglo XXI
Abstract
This research -entitled “Chronicles of a Territorial (Dis)Ordering. Disputes over Territory, Models of Development and Commodification of Nature in the East of Salta”- deals with the various ways of “ordering the territory”, the different models of development, and the differential forms of appropriating and appraising nature that come into tension during the process of demanding, developing, formulating and implementing policies on Territory Ordering of Native Forests (OTBN, Spanish acronym) in the framework of the expansion of agricultural frontiers of the last decades of the 20th century and the early 21st century.
Transformations in production and land occurred in the Latin American and Argentinean countryside since the late 20th century have stirred up ever-growing disputes about the environment and the use and exploitation of “natural resources”. In particular, a specific territory not unaffected by this process was studied: the east of the Province of Salta, an area historically inhabited by indigenous peoples and small criollo farmers, which in the last decades has became attractive for setting up projects of regional infrastructure and for agricultural and hydrocarbon investments. Therefore, the east of Salta is a geographic area of high geopolitical and economic importance, in which different processes converge: the expansion of agricultural frontiers, hydrocarbon exploitation and historical conflicts over ownership of the land, among others.
In 2007, the “Minimum Budget for Environmental Protection of Native Forests Act”, National Law No. 26,331, was enacted, prescribing to each province a maximum term of one year to draft their own OTBN policies. Debates over the “Forests Act” took Salta as a “paradigm case”: never before had deforestation reached such a level over land historically inhabited by indigenous peoples and criollo farmers. In early 2008, the government of Salta launched its OTBN plan, engaging the community in a participatory process to decide the use and destination of the over 8,000,000 ha of native forest in the province. In December 2008, the “Territory Ordering of Native Forests in the Province of Salta Act”, Provincial Law No. 7,543, was enacted. Thus, Salta became one of the first provinces to comply with the National Act, bringing about the promise of putting an end to the moratorium on land clearance, as well as of the arrival of national funds to compensate for preserved territories.
The territory of Salta is subject to multiple and changing interests. In this framework, a research meant to enquire into projects involving territory in tension, through the analysis of the strategies of appropriation and appraisal of territory pursued by the different actors involved, becomes important. In particular, this research aims to contribute to the problematization and hierarchization of the spatial dimension within the sociological analysis, furthering the examination of the meanings assigned to the territory and the population involved. Likewise, this research is fed by the most important debates over development as a synonym of a process of unambiguous progress and modernization, and over what its succeeding adjectivations entail. In addition, we resort to political ecology and to the epistemological and theoretical perspectives of the project modernity/coloniality to shed light on the processes of commodification and colonization of nature. Also, this research is supported by contributions derived from economic anthropology, and rural and environmental sociology, among others.
Some of the questions that guided this research are: Who are the social actors involved in the process of demanding, developing, formulating and implementing OTBN policies? Which territory projects were proposed by the different actors for the east of Salta and its population in the context of OTBN policies? What does “ordering” the territory in the east of Salta entail? The different ways of understanding the territory, do they give birth to different proposals regarding ordering? Why, with what purpose, how and for whom should the territory by organized? Which imaginaries about indigenous and criollo territories are currently in place, taking into consideration the agricultural borders gaining ground over their “unproductive” lands? Being the east of Salta the archetypal scenario in which indigenous peoples and criollos of the province live out their lives (generally associated with an idea of marginalization, backwardness and subsistence), which meanings entered into conflict with one another when that territory became a focus of economical interests? Which models of development are being fostered (explicitly or implicitly) by the different actors in the east of Salta? Which potentials, limits and challenges stem from the adoption of OTBN policies in the context of Salta?
In sum, Salta‟s OTBN is a policy of very recent development and adoption and, due to its own features and to the complexity of the actors involved in its definition, it has brought about a great variety and amount of documents, reports and other informative materials, and therefore made it possible to gain direct access to a multiplicity of sources and informants. Said resources make it feasible to analyze the complexity of the multiple actors involved in the definition of which lands are to be used for agriculture in the east of the Province of Salta, breaking down the different meanings associated with a same territory and with the models of development and differential forms of appropriation and appreciation of nature brought into play, explicitly or implicitly, in this context.
Since this area is currently of major relevance, due to the fact that territory and environment are in conflict with extractive operations gaining ground over nature (not only in Argentina but also in a regional context), and having this geographical area boosted academic writings as well as diverse and contradictory interventions, both public and private, the research hereby proposed becomes appropriate and necessary.
Transformations in production and land occurred in the Latin American and Argentinean countryside since the late 20th century have stirred up ever-growing disputes about the environment and the use and exploitation of “natural resources”. In particular, a specific territory not unaffected by this process was studied: the east of the Province of Salta, an area historically inhabited by indigenous peoples and small criollo farmers, which in the last decades has became attractive for setting up projects of regional infrastructure and for agricultural and hydrocarbon investments. Therefore, the east of Salta is a geographic area of high geopolitical and economic importance, in which different processes converge: the expansion of agricultural frontiers, hydrocarbon exploitation and historical conflicts over ownership of the land, among others.
In 2007, the “Minimum Budget for Environmental Protection of Native Forests Act”, National Law No. 26,331, was enacted, prescribing to each province a maximum term of one year to draft their own OTBN policies. Debates over the “Forests Act” took Salta as a “paradigm case”: never before had deforestation reached such a level over land historically inhabited by indigenous peoples and criollo farmers. In early 2008, the government of Salta launched its OTBN plan, engaging the community in a participatory process to decide the use and destination of the over 8,000,000 ha of native forest in the province. In December 2008, the “Territory Ordering of Native Forests in the Province of Salta Act”, Provincial Law No. 7,543, was enacted. Thus, Salta became one of the first provinces to comply with the National Act, bringing about the promise of putting an end to the moratorium on land clearance, as well as of the arrival of national funds to compensate for preserved territories.
The territory of Salta is subject to multiple and changing interests. In this framework, a research meant to enquire into projects involving territory in tension, through the analysis of the strategies of appropriation and appraisal of territory pursued by the different actors involved, becomes important. In particular, this research aims to contribute to the problematization and hierarchization of the spatial dimension within the sociological analysis, furthering the examination of the meanings assigned to the territory and the population involved. Likewise, this research is fed by the most important debates over development as a synonym of a process of unambiguous progress and modernization, and over what its succeeding adjectivations entail. In addition, we resort to political ecology and to the epistemological and theoretical perspectives of the project modernity/coloniality to shed light on the processes of commodification and colonization of nature. Also, this research is supported by contributions derived from economic anthropology, and rural and environmental sociology, among others.
Some of the questions that guided this research are: Who are the social actors involved in the process of demanding, developing, formulating and implementing OTBN policies? Which territory projects were proposed by the different actors for the east of Salta and its population in the context of OTBN policies? What does “ordering” the territory in the east of Salta entail? The different ways of understanding the territory, do they give birth to different proposals regarding ordering? Why, with what purpose, how and for whom should the territory by organized? Which imaginaries about indigenous and criollo territories are currently in place, taking into consideration the agricultural borders gaining ground over their “unproductive” lands? Being the east of Salta the archetypal scenario in which indigenous peoples and criollos of the province live out their lives (generally associated with an idea of marginalization, backwardness and subsistence), which meanings entered into conflict with one another when that territory became a focus of economical interests? Which models of development are being fostered (explicitly or implicitly) by the different actors in the east of Salta? Which potentials, limits and challenges stem from the adoption of OTBN policies in the context of Salta?
In sum, Salta‟s OTBN is a policy of very recent development and adoption and, due to its own features and to the complexity of the actors involved in its definition, it has brought about a great variety and amount of documents, reports and other informative materials, and therefore made it possible to gain direct access to a multiplicity of sources and informants. Said resources make it feasible to analyze the complexity of the multiple actors involved in the definition of which lands are to be used for agriculture in the east of the Province of Salta, breaking down the different meanings associated with a same territory and with the models of development and differential forms of appropriation and appreciation of nature brought into play, explicitly or implicitly, in this context.
Since this area is currently of major relevance, due to the fact that territory and environment are in conflict with extractive operations gaining ground over nature (not only in Argentina but also in a regional context), and having this geographical area boosted academic writings as well as diverse and contradictory interventions, both public and private, the research hereby proposed becomes appropriate and necessary.
Título obtenido
Doctora de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Sociales
Institución otorgante
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales