Autor/es
Descripción
ver mas
Colaborador
Sartelli, Eduardo
Kornblihtt, Juan
Materias
Spatial Coverage
Temporal Coverage
1976-2007
Idioma
spa
Extent
361 p.
Derechos
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.0 Genérica (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
Formato
application/pdf
Identificador
Cobertura
ARG
1976-2007
Abstract
The main objective of this thesis is to account for the different social determinations that are concealed behind the so-called “tambero” (dairy farmer) from 1976 to 2007. In this period, there is a profound transformation that leads to increase concentration and centralization in this productive sector. Changes in our study period were magnified because of the small productions with a strong presence on family labor that prevailed in this field. Different authors characterized the production as dominated by non-capitalist production, governed by personal mastery’s relations or not fully employed. In our work we start, however, with a look that follows the proposals of Marx where the behavior of the subject responds to the character of the merchandise to be sold. Therefore, we start with the question: what are the changes that occur in the production of goods “milk”? To this purpose, we will focus on the analysis of the work process and the monitoring role of the subject in the productive process which allow us to analyze what personification is in each historical period.
We developed this historical reconstruction of the labor process analyzing specialized journals in the field to observe the changes in production. But we also study the manuals for owners and workers of the farms in different periods. This allows us to notice changes in the demand for skills to perform the tasks of different production sections. Thus, we study the work process in line with what can be called a tradition “objectivist” (Brigthon Labour Process Group 1977, Thompson and Smith 2009, Thompson 2010) which emphasizes the law of value as a general determinant. At the beginning of the law of value, what we set out to analyze a capital development process marked by different stages of subsuming labor under capital which results in an increasing objectification of labor. We refer to the passage from simple cooperation, to manufacturing and large industry.
Regarding these considerations, we set forward on the problem of the thesis. The tambero (dairy farmer) figure was transformed with the introduction of mechanization, particularly in the milking process (as discussed in Chapter II). However, the manual tasks persist in subsections (Chapter III), although there is a growing disappearance of small production since the 1980s, those conditions which took place in its appearance, not disappeared at all. In this sense we analyze the ways in which social relations take place (Chapter IV) after the determinations realized the branch general global and national level (Chapter I) and have rebuilt the work process (Chapters II and III). Our main hypothesis suggest that under the guise of family farming and sharecropping are hidden different social subjects in different historical moments in a slow passage from formal to real work by natural unemployable conditions. The family may express a petty bourgeoisie, when it has the means of production, then an employee, when such property has not the means of production. A similar situation occurs with sharecropping contracts, as sometimes expressed payment to a skilled workforce with a flat fee of half of production (milking by hand) and especially from the 80 with the loss of such status, expressed piece rates lower than the 50 percent (milking). In addition, changes that operate from the 80's not only follows a logical change in production concerns, but the result of the development of capital appreciation. This evaluation is an expression of further development of the productive forces that leads to a proletariazation process and a growing polarization in the branch between workers and capitalists, although the petty bourgeoisie doesn´t disappear at all. In turn, even considering that small production predominate, the working conditions of workers in this sector are characterized to be poor and with low income levels.
In conclusion, we observed that the 1980s, produces the passage from simple cooperation to large industry. In turn, we see the latest innovations that enable complete automation of such section. We caution that these transformations generate a disqualification of the task by eliminating the expertise required to perform manual tasks were replaced by mechanization. Then, we consider the fact that other sections livestock feed techniques, tasks of animal reproduction and health problems rose to the status of manufacturing to divide tasks and generate specializations in the dairy staff.
Finally, because of the study of the class structure, we notice a process of proletarianization started since the sanction of the Tambero Mediero Statute until today. It is a contribution of this work the development of a periodization of the evolution of the class composition of the sector. In turn, from the mechanical milking generalization we notice two different situations in the field. Firstly, working conditions present the average capital in terms of favorable working conditions in relation to small capitals. Secondly, the sanction of the Contract Associative Tambera, legally created the worst conditions governing the sale of labor for workers in small dairy farms used in transforming, legally, in capitalist partners.
We developed this historical reconstruction of the labor process analyzing specialized journals in the field to observe the changes in production. But we also study the manuals for owners and workers of the farms in different periods. This allows us to notice changes in the demand for skills to perform the tasks of different production sections. Thus, we study the work process in line with what can be called a tradition “objectivist” (Brigthon Labour Process Group 1977, Thompson and Smith 2009, Thompson 2010) which emphasizes the law of value as a general determinant. At the beginning of the law of value, what we set out to analyze a capital development process marked by different stages of subsuming labor under capital which results in an increasing objectification of labor. We refer to the passage from simple cooperation, to manufacturing and large industry.
Regarding these considerations, we set forward on the problem of the thesis. The tambero (dairy farmer) figure was transformed with the introduction of mechanization, particularly in the milking process (as discussed in Chapter II). However, the manual tasks persist in subsections (Chapter III), although there is a growing disappearance of small production since the 1980s, those conditions which took place in its appearance, not disappeared at all. In this sense we analyze the ways in which social relations take place (Chapter IV) after the determinations realized the branch general global and national level (Chapter I) and have rebuilt the work process (Chapters II and III). Our main hypothesis suggest that under the guise of family farming and sharecropping are hidden different social subjects in different historical moments in a slow passage from formal to real work by natural unemployable conditions. The family may express a petty bourgeoisie, when it has the means of production, then an employee, when such property has not the means of production. A similar situation occurs with sharecropping contracts, as sometimes expressed payment to a skilled workforce with a flat fee of half of production (milking by hand) and especially from the 80 with the loss of such status, expressed piece rates lower than the 50 percent (milking). In addition, changes that operate from the 80's not only follows a logical change in production concerns, but the result of the development of capital appreciation. This evaluation is an expression of further development of the productive forces that leads to a proletariazation process and a growing polarization in the branch between workers and capitalists, although the petty bourgeoisie doesn´t disappear at all. In turn, even considering that small production predominate, the working conditions of workers in this sector are characterized to be poor and with low income levels.
In conclusion, we observed that the 1980s, produces the passage from simple cooperation to large industry. In turn, we see the latest innovations that enable complete automation of such section. We caution that these transformations generate a disqualification of the task by eliminating the expertise required to perform manual tasks were replaced by mechanization. Then, we consider the fact that other sections livestock feed techniques, tasks of animal reproduction and health problems rose to the status of manufacturing to divide tasks and generate specializations in the dairy staff.
Finally, because of the study of the class structure, we notice a process of proletarianization started since the sanction of the Tambero Mediero Statute until today. It is a contribution of this work the development of a periodization of the evolution of the class composition of the sector. In turn, from the mechanical milking generalization we notice two different situations in the field. Firstly, working conditions present the average capital in terms of favorable working conditions in relation to small capitals. Secondly, the sanction of the Contract Associative Tambera, legally created the worst conditions governing the sale of labor for workers in small dairy farms used in transforming, legally, in capitalist partners.
Título obtenido
Doctor de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en Ciencias Sociales
Institución otorgante
Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales